The Distribution of Coumarins and Furanocoumarins in Citrus Species Closely Matches Citrus Phylogeny and Reflects the Organization of Biosynthetic Pathways.
The Distribution of Coumarins and Furanocoumarins in Citrus Species Closely Matches Citrus Phylogeny and Reflects the Organization of Biosynthetic Pathways.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0142757
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bourgaud F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dugrand-Judek A;Olry A;Hehn A;Costantino G;Ollitrault P;Froelicher Y;Bourgaud F
柑橘类植物能够产生防御化合物，如香豆素和呋喃香豆素，以科普食草昆虫和病原体。在人类中，这些化合物是强烈的光敏剂，可以与药物相互作用，导致“葡萄柚汁效应”。从食品和化妆品中去除香豆素和呋喃香豆素意味着额外的成本，并可能改变产品质量。因此，选择香豆素和呋喃香豆素含量低的柑橘品种是一个有价值的选择。在这项研究中，我们进行了超高效液相色谱结合质谱分析，以确定这些化合物的含量内的果皮和果肉的61个柑橘品种的遗传多样性的所有柑橘。柑橘果皮中香豆素/呋喃香豆素的含量比果肉中的含量高，且多样性大。根据果皮中的化学型，柑橘属物种可分为4个类群，对应于4个祖先类群（柚属，柑橘属，香橼属和柑橘属），并延伸出各自的次生种后代。四个祖先类群（柚，香橼和papedas）合成大量的这些化合物，而甜菜碱似乎几乎没有他们。此外，所有的祖先类群和它们的杂交种都是根据文献中描述的香豆素和呋喃香豆素途径逻辑组织的。这种组织允许假设，以绘制有关的生物合成起源的化合物的生物成因仍然没有得到解决。确定香豆素和呋喃香豆素的含量也有助于假设柑橘属物种的起源，目前还没有牢固建立柑橘属物种的起源。最后，这项工作还注意到有利的杂交方案，将导致低香豆素和呋喃香豆素的含量，我们建议选择的柑橘品种，用于创建没有这些有毒化合物的物种在未来的育种计划中使用。
Citrus plants are able to produce defense compounds such as coumarins and furanocoumarins to cope with herbivorous insects and pathogens. In humans, these chemical compounds are strong photosensitizers and can interact with medications, leading to the “grapefruit juice effect”. Removing coumarins and furanocoumarins from food and cosmetics imply additional costs and might alter product quality. Thus, the selection of Citrus cultivars displaying low coumarin and furanocoumarin contents constitutes a valuable alternative. In this study, we performed ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analyses to determine the contents of these compounds within the peel and the pulp of 61 Citrus species representative of the genetic diversity all Citrus. Generally, Citrus peel contains larger diversity and higher concentrations of coumarin/furanocoumarin than the pulp of the same fruits. According to the chemotypes found in the peel, Citrus species can be separated into 4 groups that correspond to the 4 ancestral taxa (pummelos, mandarins, citrons and papedas) and extended with their respective secondary species descendants. Three of the 4 ancestral taxa (pummelos, citrons and papedas) synthesize high amounts of these compounds, whereas mandarins appear practically devoid of them. Additionally, all ancestral taxa and their hybrids are logically organized according to the coumarin and furanocoumarin pathways described in the literature. This organization allows hypotheses to be drawn regarding the biosynthetic origin of compounds for which the biogenesis remains unresolved. Determining coumarin and furanocoumarin contents is also helpful for hypothesizing the origin of Citrus species for which the phylogeny is presently not firmly established. Finally, this work also notes favorable hybridization schemes that will lead to low coumarin and furanocoumarin contents, and we propose to select mandarins and Ichang papeda as Citrus varieties for use in creating species devoid of these toxic compounds in future breeding programs.