Perceptual Narrowing in the Context of Increased Variation: Insights from Bilingual Infants
Perceptual Narrowing in the Context of Increased Variation: Insights from Bilingual Infants
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DOI：
10.1002/dev.21167
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发表时间：
2014-02-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Fennell, Christopher T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Byers-Heinlein, Krista;Fennell, Christopher T.
人类婴儿通过感知缩小的过程成为母语的听众。单语婴儿最初对各种语言相关的对比很敏感。然而，随着他们的成熟和获得母语经验，他们对非母语对比的敏感性下降。在这里，我们考虑的情况下，婴儿成长为双语作为一个窗口，增加变化如何影响早期知觉发展。这些婴儿在他们的每一种语言中遇到不同的有意义的对比，也必须注意他们的语言之间发生的对比。双语婴儿与单语婴儿有许多共同的发展模式。然而，他们也表现出独特的发展模式，如U形轨迹和剂量-反应关系的天然区别的看法，并显示出一些增强的敏感性，非天然的区别。类似的发展模式可以观察到在个人暴露于两个非语言系统的领域，如音乐和面部知觉。一些初步的证据表明，双语个体可能会保留更多的敏感性，非母语的对比，达到一个不那么狭窄的最终状态比单语者。然而，双语婴儿确实成为感知专门的母语听众，他们的语言，尽管增加的变化和不同的模式相比，单语的感知发展。© 2013威利期刊公司。Dev Psychobiol 56：274-291，2014.
Human infants become native‐language listeners through a process of perceptual narrowing. Monolingual infants are initially sensitive to a wide range of language‐relevant contrasts. However, as they mature and gain native‐language experience, their sensitivity to nonnative contrasts declines. Here, we consider the case of infants growing up bilingual as a window into how increased variation affects early perceptual development. These infants encounter different meaningful contrasts in each of their languages, and must also attend to contrasts that occur between their languages. Bilingual infants share many classic developmental patterns with monolinguals. However, they also show unique developmental patterns in the perception of native distinctions such as U‐shaped trajectories and dose–response relationships, and show some enhanced sensitivity to nonnative distinctions. Analogous developmental patterns can be observed in individuals exposed to two nonlinguistic systems in domains such as music and face perception. Some preliminary evidence suggests that bilingual individuals might retain more sensitivity to nonnative contrasts, reaching a less narrow end state than monolinguals. Nevertheless, bilingual infants do become perceptually specialized native listeners to both of their languages, despite increased variation and differing patterns of perceptual development in comparison to monolinguals. © 2013Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 274–291, 2014.