ELECTRODERMAL CONDITIONING TO POTENTIALLY PHOBIC STIMULI IN MALE AND FEMALE SUBJECTS
ELECTRODERMAL CONDITIONING TO POTENTIALLY PHOBIC STIMULI IN MALE AND FEMALE SUBJECTS
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DOI：
10.1016/0301-0511(76)90021-1
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发表时间：
1976-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
OHMAN, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FREDRIKSON, M;HUGDAHL, K;OHMAN, A
小动物恐惧症的发生率以及问卷测量的动物恐惧症的发生率存在明显的性别差异。本研究检验了这些性别差异是否也反映在对潜在恐惧刺激的皮肤电调节中。不同组的男性和女性接受条件反射训练，其中涉及潜在恐惧症的蛇和蜘蛛，或与恐惧无关的花朵和蘑菇作为条件刺激，电击作为非条件刺激。使用长刺激间间隔差分范例，允许分析第一和第二间隔预期反应以及第三间隔遗漏反应。共有 8 项习惯化试验、16 项习得性试验和 40 项消退试验。一半的试验涉及强化提示，另一半涉及非强化提示。与恐惧无关的刺激相比，恐惧症具有明显的条件作用，具有优异的习得性和对消退的抵抗力。两种性别之间没有差异。结果根据恐惧症的准备理论和社会学习因素进行了解释。
There are clear sex differences in incidence of phobias of small animals, and in questionnaire-measured fear of animals. The present study examined whether these sex differences were reflected also in electrodermal conditioning to potentially phobic stimuli. Separate groups of males and females were exposed to a conditioning session involving either potentially phobic, snakes and spiders, or fear-irrelevant, flowers and mushrooms as conditioned stimuli with electric shock as the unconditioned stimulus. A long interstimulus interval differential paradigm was used, allowing analysis of 1st and 2nd interval anticipatory responses, and 3rd interval omission responses. There were 8 habituation trials, 16 acquisition trials and 40 extinction trials. Half of the trials involved the reinforced cue, and the other half the unreinforced cue. There were clear conditioning effects, with superior acquisition and resistance to extinction to the phobic as compared to the fear-irrelevant stimuli. There were no differences between the 2 sexes. The results were interpreted in terms of the preparedness theory of phobias, and in terms of social learning factors.