Meteoroid impacts as sources of seismicity on the moon
Meteoroid impacts as sources of seismicity on the moon
复制标题
流星体撞击是月球地震活动的来源
DOI：
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发表时间：
1969
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Gault
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Mcgarr;G. Latham;D. Gault
结合阿波罗月球被动地震实验，进行了一项研究，以确定流星体对月面的影响的效率，作为地震能量的潜在来源。这项研究基于在AMES研究中心进行的实验，以确定影响弹丸和地震波之间的耦合。 AMES的高速枪被用来将弹丸发射到真空室中的目标。弹丸速度范围从1到7 km/秒以上；弹丸质量约为0.25至5克。目标是两种具有较大弹性特性的类型。实验结果表明，冲击的地震源功能可以表示为弹丸动能的函数。将我们的结果推断到流星体的动力学能量，可以预测阿波罗被动地震实验将在其一年的标称寿命中检测到的影响数量，如果对月球的物理特性做出了假设。对于最乐观的假设集，该仪器将检测约370个流星体的影响；对于最悲观的，大约3个影响。这些影响大多数将在距离地震仪10到20公里之内。这项研究的实验数据可用于估计影响花费的航天器阶段作为人工地震来源的有效性。结果表明，根据距离地震仪的距离，将检测到Apollo助推器的土星S-IVB阶段产生的表面波，这取决于月球表面材料所假定的特性。
In conjunction with the Apollo lunar passive seismic experiment, a study was undertaken to determine the efficiency of meteoroid impacts on the lunar surface as potential sources of seismic energy. This study is based on experiments performed at Ames Research Center to determine the coupling between an impacting projectile and seismic waves. High-velocity guns at Ames were used to fire projectiles into targets in a vacuum chamber. Projectile velocities ranged from less than 1 to more than 7 km/sec; projectile masses ranged from about 0.25 to 5 grams. Targets were of two types having considerably different elastic properties. Experimental results indicate that the seismic source function of an impact can be expressed as a function of the kinetic energy of the projectile. Extrapolating our results up to the kinetic energies of meteoroids, it is possible to predict the number of impacts that will be detected by the Apollo passive seismic experiment during its nominal lifetime of one year if assumptions are made about the physical properties of the moon. For the most optimistic set of assumptions, the instrument will detect about 370 meteoroid impacts; for the most pessimistic, about 3 impacts. Most of these impacts will be within 10 to 20 km from the seismometers. The experimental data of this study can be used to estimate the effectiveness of impacting spent spacecraft stages as artificial seismic sources. The results suggest that surface waves generated by the impact of the Saturn S-IVB stage of the Apollo booster would be detected at distances of from 41 to 681 km from the seismometer, depending on the properties assumed for the lunar surface material.