Synchronization to auditory and visual rhythms in hearing and deaf individuals
Synchronization to auditory and visual rhythms in hearing and deaf individuals
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2014.10.018
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Emmorey, Karen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Iversen, John R.;Patel, Aniruddh D.;Emmorey, Karen
人类感觉运动处理中的显著不对称性是人类以比时间上等同的视觉刺激（例如，听觉与闪烁的视觉节拍器）。传统上，这一发现被认为反映了听觉与视觉处理的根本差异，即，听觉系统的上级时间处理和/或听觉和运动系统之间的特权耦合。目前还不清楚这种不对称性是否是大脑组织的必然结果，或者是否可以通过刺激特征或经验来修改（甚至消除）。关于刺激特征，我们发现一个移动的、碰撞的视觉刺激（一个弹跳的球在地板上有一个明显的碰撞点的无声图像）能够在听力参与者中几乎像声音一样准确地驱动同步。为了研究经验的作用，我们将同步与听力和深度失聪个体的闪烁节拍器进行了比较。聋人的表现优于听力个人同步时，与视觉闪光，这表明跨模态可塑性增强的能力，同步与时间离散的视觉刺激。此外，当聋人（但不是听力）的个人与弹跳球同步，他们的敲击模式表明，视觉计时可能访问高阶节拍知觉机制的聋人。这些结果表明，在节奏同步的听觉优势是更多的经验和刺激依赖于比以前报道的。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
A striking asymmetry in human sensorimotor processing is that humans synchronize movements to rhythmic sound with far greater precision than to temporally equivalent visual stimuli (e.g., to an auditory vs. a flashing visual metronome). Traditionally, this finding is thought to reflect a fundamental difference in auditory vs. visual processing, i.e., superior temporal processing by the auditory system and/or privileged coupling between the auditory and motor systems. It is unclear whether this asymmetry is an inevitable consequence of brain organization or whether it can be modified (or even eliminated) by stimulus characteristics or by experience. With respect to stimulus characteristics, we found that a moving, colliding visual stimulus (a silent image of a bouncing ball with a distinct collision point on the floor) was able to drive synchronization nearly as accurately as sound in hearing participants. To study the role of experience, we compared synchronization to flashing metronomes in hearing and profoundly deaf individuals. Deaf individuals performed better than hearing individuals when synchronizing with visual flashes, suggesting that cross-modal plasticity enhances the ability to synchronize with temporally discrete visual stimuli. Furthermore, when deaf (but not hearing) individuals synchronized with the bouncing ball, their tapping patterns suggest that visual timing may access higher-order beat perception mechanisms for deaf individuals. These results indicate that the auditory advantage in rhythmic synchronization is more experience- and stimulus-dependent than has been previously reported. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.