Synthesis and future research directions linking tree diversity to growth, survival, and damage in a global network of tree diversity experiments
Synthesis and future research directions linking tree diversity to growth, survival, and damage in a global network of tree diversity experiments
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envexpbot.2017.12.015
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Verheyen, Kris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grossman, Jake J.;Vanhellemont, Margot;Verheyen, Kris
尽管大量的研究表明，生物多样性提高森林生产力和调节草食动物和病原体的损害，仍然存在差距，我们的理解的形状，规模和这些生物多样性生态系统功能（BEF）的关系的一般性。在这里，我们回顾了TreeDivNet的研究结果，TreeDivNet是一个由25个树木多样性实验组成的全球网络，研究了生物多样性水平与（a）树木生长和存活以及（B）害虫和病原体对树木的损害之间的关系。树木的多样性往往提高了存活率和地上地下的幼树生长。多样性对树木生长和存活的影响的机制基础包括选择效应（即，特定物种在物种丰富的社区中的影响越来越大）和互补效应（例如与资源分化和便利化有关）。植物性状和非生物胁迫可能介导这些关系。无脊椎动物和脊椎动物的植食性和病原体损害的反应的研究表明，树木在更多样化的实验地块可能会遇到更多，更少，或类似的损害相比，同种树木在不太多样化的地块。记录的机制产生这些模式包括浓度，频率和外观的主机的变化;草食动物和病原体的饮食宽度;空间尺度的相互作用;和草食动物和病原体的调节天敌。我们对TreeDivNet研究结果的回顾表明，树木多样性实验正在跨系统和尺度扩展BEF研究，通过提供使用遥感和光谱方法研究BEF动态的机会，补充了以前在草原上的BEF工作，整合地下和地上方法，并追踪树木生理学对生态系统功能的影响。BEF研究扩展到树木主导的系统，提高了生态学家理解BEF关系背后的机械基础的能力。树木多样性实验也为新的研究提供了机会。由于实验树木多样性种植园，使测量树，邻里和地块水平，他们允许明确考虑BEF动态的时间和空间尺度。目前，大多数TreeDivNet实验已经运行了不到十年。考虑到树木的寿命，BEF关系的令人兴奋的结果预计在未来。
Despite considerable research demonstrating that biodiversity increases productivity in forests and regulates herbivory and pathogen damage, there remain gaps in our understanding of the shape, magnitude, and generality of these biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships. Here, we review findings from TreeDivNet, a global network of 25 tree diversity experiments, on relationships between levels of biodiversity and (a) tree growth and survival and (b) damage to trees from pests and pathogens. Tree diversity often improved the survival and above- and belowground growth of young trees. The mechanistic bases of the diversity effects on tree growth and survival include both selection effects (i.e., an increasing impact of particular species in more species-rich communities) and complementary effects (e.g. related to resource differentiation and facilitation). Plant traits and abiotic stressors may mediate these relationships. Studies of the responses of invertebrate and vertebrate herbivory and pathogen damage have demonstrated that trees in more diverse experimental plots may experience more, less, or similar damage compared to conspecific trees in less diverse plots. Documented mechanisms producing these patterns include changes in concentration, frequency, and apparency of hosts; herbivore and pathogen diet breadth; the spatial scale of interactions; and herbivore and pathogen regulation by natural enemies. Our review of findings from TreeDivNet indicates that tree diversity experiments are extending BEF research across systems and scales, complementing previous BEF work in grasslands by providing opportunities to use remote sensing and spectral approaches to study BEF dynamics, integrate belowground and aboveground approaches, and trace the consequences of tree physiology for ecosystem functioning. This extension of BEF research into tree-dominated systems is improving ecologists' capacity to understand the mechanistic bases behind BEF relationships. Tree diversity experiments also present opportunities for novel research. Since experimental tree diversity plantations enable measurements at tree, neighbourhood and plot level, they allow for explicit consideration of temporal and spatial scales in BEF dynamics. Presently, most TreeDivNet experiments have run for less than ten years. Given the longevity of trees, exciting results on BEF relationships are expected in the future.