Exposure to Political Conflict and Violence and Posttraumatic Stress in Middle East Youth: Protective Factors
Exposure to Political Conflict and Violence and Posttraumatic Stress in Middle East Youth: Protective Factors
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DOI：
10.1080/15374416.2012.684274
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Ginges, Jeremy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dubow, Eric F.;Huesmann, L. Rowell;Ginges, Jeremy
我们研究了家庭和个人层面的保护因素在暴露于种族政治冲突和暴力以及以色列和巴勒斯坦青年之间的创伤后压力之间的关系中所起的作用。具体地说，我们考察了父母的心理健康(缺乏抑郁)、积极的育儿方式、孩子的自尊和学业成就是否缓和了暴露于种族-政治冲突/暴力和随后的创伤后应激(PTS)症状之间的关系。我们收集了901名以色列青年和600名巴勒斯坦青年(三个年龄段：8岁、11岁和14岁，男女各约一半)及其父母每隔一年收集的三波数据。在研究的前两波中，较大的种族-政治冲突/暴力累积暴露预示着更高的后续PTS症状，即使我们控制了儿童最初的PTS症状水平。这种关系受到年轻人的自尊和他们所接受的积极育儿方式的显著影响。特别是，暴露于暴力与随后的创伤后应激障碍症状之间的纵向关系对于自尊心低的青少年和几乎没有受到积极父母教育的青少年来说是显著的，但对于这些保护资源水平较高的儿童来说并不显著。我们的发现表明，由于暴露在种族政治暴力中，年轻人最容易受到PTS症状的影响，他们自尊水平较低，经历了低水平的积极育儿。对战争中暴露的青少年的干预应该测试提高自尊和积极的育儿方式是否可能减少随后的PTS症状水平。
We examine the role of family- and individual-level protective factors in the relation between exposure to ethnic-political conflict and violence and posttraumatic stress among Israeli and Palestinian youth. Specifically, we examine whether parental mental health (lack of depression), positive parenting, children's self-esteem, and academic achievement moderate the relation between exposure to ethnic-political conflict/violence and subsequent posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. We collected three waves of data from 901 Israeli and 600 Palestinian youths (three age cohorts: 8, 11, and 14 years old; approximately half of each gender) and their parents at 1-year intervals. Greater cumulative exposure to ethnic-political conflict/violence across the first 2 waves of the study predicted higher subsequent PTS symptoms even when we controlled for the child's initial level of PTS symptoms. This relation was significantly moderated by a youth's self-esteem and by the positive parenting received by the youth. In particular, the longitudinal relation between exposure to violence and subsequent PTS symptoms was significant for low self-esteem youth and for youth receiving little positive parenting but was non-significant for children with high levels of these protective resources. Our findings show that youth most vulnerable to PTS symptoms as a result of exposure to ethnic-political violence are those with lower levels of self-esteem and who experience low levels of positive parenting. Interventions for war-exposed youth should test whether boosting self-esteem and positive parenting might reduce subsequent levels of PTS symptoms.