Cross-situational Learning From Ambiguous Egocentric Input Is a Continuous Process: Evidence Using the Human Simulation Paradigm.
Cross-situational Learning From Ambiguous Egocentric Input Is a Continuous Process: Evidence Using the Human Simulation Paradigm.
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DOI：
10.1111/cogs.13010
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发表时间：
2021-07
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Yu C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang Y;Yurovsky D;Yu C
最近的实验室实验表明，婴儿和成人学习者都可以获得词所指映射使用跨情景统计。关于这个主题的绝大多数工作都使用中性背景上呈现的不熟悉物体作为单词学习的视觉背景。然而，这些实验室环境与学习发生的现实世界环境有很大不同。因此，在实验室之外推广跨情境学习的可行性是有问题的。适应人类模拟范式，我们进行了一系列的实验，研究跨情境的学习，从儿童的自我中心的视频捕捉在自然主义的发挥。我们关注在玩玩具时自然发生的个体模糊的命名时刻，询问统计学习如何通过在自然主义背景下积累跨情境统计在真实的时间中展开。我们发现，即使学习情况是个人模糊的，学习者的表现逐渐改善随着时间的推移。这种改进部分是由学习者使用从以前的学习情况中获得的部分知识驱动的，即使他们还没有发现正确的词-对象映射。这些结果表明，词汇学习是一个通过实时信息整合的连续过程。
Recent laboratory experiments have shown that both infant and adult learners can acquire word-referent mappings using cross-situational statistics. The vast majority of the work on this topic has used unfamiliar objects presented on neutral backgrounds as the visual contexts for word learning. However, these laboratory contexts are much different than the real-world contexts in which learning occurs. Thus, the feasibility of generalizing cross-situational learning beyond the laboratory is in question. Adapting the Human Simulation Paradigm, we conducted a series of experiments examining cross-situational learning from children’s egocentric videos captured during naturalistic play. Focusing on individually ambiguous naming moments that naturally occur during toy play, we asked how statistical learning unfolds in real time through accumulating cross-situational statistics in naturalistic contexts. We found that even when learning situations were individually ambiguous, learners’ performance gradually improved over time. This improvement was driven in part by learners’ use of partial knowledge acquired from previous learning situations, even when they had not yet discovered correct word-object mappings. These results suggest that word learning is a continuous process by means of real-time information integration.