Freeze Casting for Assembling Bioinspired Structural Materials
Freeze Casting for Assembling Bioinspired Structural Materials
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DOI：
10.1002/adma.201703155
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发表时间：
2017-12-06
影响因子：
29.4
通讯作者：
Tomsia, Antoni P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheng, Qunfeng;Huang, Chuanjin;Tomsia, Antoni P.
大自然在设计坚固、坚韧、轻质的材料方面非常成功。例子包括贝壳，骨头，牙齿，鱼鳞，木材，竹子，丝绸，和许多其他。所有这些材料的一个显著特征是它们的性质远远上级它们的组成相。这些天然材料中的许多在性质上是层状或层状的。珍珠层具有“砖和砂浆”结构，是具有非凡物理性能的分层材料的一个例子。从生物体中寻找灵感来创造生物灵感材料是深入研究的主题。已经提出了几种处理技术来设计模仿天然材料的材料，例如逐层沉积、自组装、电泳沉积、水凝胶浇铸、刮刀等。冷冻铸造，也称为冰模板，是近年来受到相当大关注的一种生产仿生散装材料的技术。在这里，最近的进展，在冷冻铸造技术进行审查，通过组装不同尺寸的积木，包括纳米粒子，聚合物链，纳米纤维，和纳米片制备层状支架。这些层状支架通常被第二相渗透，第二相通常是软聚合物基质、硬陶瓷基质或金属基质。所得到的仿生结构材料的独特结构显示出优异的机械性能。还讨论了当前研究中使用冷冻铸造技术来制造足够大的材料的挑战，并回顾了该技术在未来制造高性能珍珠启发结构材料的前景。
Nature is very successful in designing strong and tough, lightweight materials. Examples include seashells, bone, teeth, fish scales, wood, bamboo, silk, and many others. A distinctive feature of all these materials is that their properties are far superior to those of their constituent phases. Many of these natural materials are lamellar or layered in nature. With its "brick and mortar" structure, nacre is an example of a layered material that exhibits extraordinary physical properties. Finding inspiration in living organisms to create bioinspired materials is the subject of intensive research. Several processing techniques have been proposed to design materials mimicking natural materials, such as layer-by-layer deposition, self-assembly, electrophoretic deposition, hydrogel casting, doctor blading, and many others. Freeze casting, also known as ice-templating, is a technique that has received considerable attention in recent years to produce bioinspired bulk materials. Here, recent advances in the freeze-casting technique are reviewed for fabricating lamellar scaffolds by assembling different dimensional building blocks, including nanoparticles, polymer chains, nanofibers, and nanosheets. These lamellar scaffolds are often infiltrated by a second phase, typically a soft polymer matrix, a hard ceramic matrix, or a metal matrix. The unique architecture of the resultant bioinspired structural materials displays excellent mechanical properties. The challenges of the current research in using the freeze-casting technique to create materials large enough to be useful are also discussed, and the technique's promise for fabricating high-performance nacre-inspired structural materials in the future is reviewed.