Information transfer and antipredator maneuvers in schooling herring
Information transfer and antipredator maneuvers in schooling herring
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DOI：
10.1177/1059712311426799
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Domenici, Paolo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marras, Stefano;Batty, Robert S.;Domenici, Paolo
鱼类的成群行为已被认为具有抗捕食者的优势。然而，导致鱼群各种逃逸行为模式的机制在很大程度上尚不清楚。在这里，我们研究了惊吓刺激特征（距离和方向）对高度群居鱼类——大西洋鲱鱼——的逃逸动作的影响。我们通过分析波的传播速度（U-w = 6.7 +/- 1.6 m/s；平均值+/- SD）来量化惊吓反应开始时的信息传递。发现 U-w 与早期响应者（即反应潜伏期 < 50 毫秒的个体）数量呈正相关。此外，我们还确定了确定两种不同躲避策略的规则：高度对齐的策略（即，所有个体都朝向相对统一的方向）和“分裂”策略（即，个体以低方向均匀性逃脱）。逃生策略的模式取决于刺激方向（α）。横向刺激（30 度 < α < 120 度）会引发远离刺激的高度对准动作，而正面刺激（α < 30 度）会导致分裂动作，刺激后约 1 秒重新对准。这些简单的规则表明，某些刺激特征是决定鱼群中可观察到的反捕食者动作变化的重要因素。
Schooling behavior in fish has been recognized to confer antipredator advantages. However, the mechanisms that lead to various patterns of escape maneuvers in fish schools are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of startle stimulus characteristics (distance and orientation) on the escape maneuvers of schools of a highly gregarious fish species, the Atlantic herring Clupea harengus. We quantified information transfer of the onset of startle responses by analyzing the speed of the waves of their propagation (U-w = 6.7 +/- 1.6 m/s; mean +/- SD). U-w was found to be positively correlated with the number of early responders (i.e., individuals reacting with a latency < 50 ms). In addition, we identified the rules determining two different evading maneuvers: highly aligned maneuvers (i.e., all individuals oriented in a relatively uniform direction) and "split" maneuvers (i.e., individuals escaping with low directional uniformity). The pattern of escape maneuvers was dependent on stimulus direction (alpha(s)). Lateral stimulation (30 degrees < alpha(s) < 120 degrees) elicits highly aligned maneuvers away from the stimulus, while frontal stimulations (alpha(s) < 30 degrees) causes split maneuvers, which are followed by realignment about 1 s after stimulation. These simple rules suggest that certain stimulus characteristics are important factors determining the variability of antipredator maneuvers observable in schooling fish.