Natural Selection, Intracellular Bottlenecks of Virus Populations, and Viral Superinfection Exclusion
Natural Selection, Intracellular Bottlenecks of Virus Populations, and Viral Superinfection Exclusion
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-virology-100520-114758
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发表时间：
2022-01-01
影响因子：
11.3
通讯作者：
Qu, Feng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carvalho, Camila Perdoncini;Ren, Ruifan;Qu, Feng
自然选择通过确保负责有利表型的基因始终获得表型优势而作用于细胞生物体。这是可能的，因为这些生物的生殖细胞几乎都是单倍体，每一代都将有益基因与其竞争等位基因分离开来。自然选择如何作用于正链RNA病毒尚不清楚，因为这些病毒经常携带大量基因组拷贝给宿主细胞，并在每个细胞中复制数千个后代基因组。最近的研究表明，这些病毒编码了瓶颈、分离、放大、选择（BIAS）机制，该机制阻止了除少数病毒基因组拷贝外的所有病毒基因组拷贝进行复制，从而创造了一种环境，使逃避瓶颈的病毒基因组拷贝彼此隔离，从而允许自然选择奖励有益的突变并清除致命的错误。这种BIAS机制也阻断了高度同源的重复感染病毒的基因组，从而解释了细胞水平的重复感染排斥。
Natural selection acts on cellular organisms by ensuring the genes responsible for an advantageous phenotype consistently reap the phenotypic advantage. This is possible because reproductive cells of these organisms are almost always haploid, separating the beneficial gene from its rival allele at every generation. How natural selection acts on plus-strand RNA viruses is unclear because these viruses frequently load host cells with numerous genome copies and replicate thousands of progeny genomes in each cell. Recent studies suggest that these viruses encode the Bottleneck, Isolate, Amplify, Select (BIAS) mechanism that blocks all but a few viral genome copies from replication, thus creating the environment in which the bottleneck-escaping viral genome copies are isolated from each other, allowing natural selection to reward beneficial mutations and purge lethal errors. This BIAS mechanism also blocks the genomes of highly homologous superinfecting viruses, thus explaining cellular-level superinfection exclusion.