FOOD HABITS OF SQUIRRELS IN SOUTHEAST OHIO
FOOD HABITS OF SQUIRRELS IN SOUTHEAST OHIO
复制标题
DOI：
10.2307/3798974
复制
发表时间：
1968-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
MCCLAIN, MW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
NIXON, CM;WORLEY, DM;MCCLAIN, MW
从 1962 年 3 月到 1966 年 9 月，对俄亥俄州东南部松鼠（Sciurus carolinensis 和 S. niger）的食物习惯进行了调查，以确定季节性重要的食物种类，并将这些数据与中部硬木的木材管理指南联系起来。 833个样本的分布为：冬季[长划线]60；春天[长破折号]77；夏天[长划线]144；秋天[长划线]552。重要食物按出现顺序依次为山核桃、山毛榉、橡子、真菌、黑胡桃、植物叶子、黄七叶树坚果、郁金香翅果、开花山茱萸核果、铁木坚果和啤酒花角树坚果。山核桃、山毛榉和橡子占样本的 75. 8%，占所吃食物总量的 67. 4%。动物性食品（主要是昆虫）占样本的 15. 1%，但占总量的不到 2%。灰松鼠和狐松鼠的秋季食物偏好相似，只是灰松鼠胃中山毛榉坚果的出现频率明显更高。活捉陷阱的捕获频率表明，灰松鼠在初秋时比狐松鼠更多地利用山毛榉-枫树类型。秋季，山核桃和山毛榉的摄入频率和摄入量均明显高于橡子。在过去的不均匀年龄造林方法下，松鼠食物产量充足，但最近接受的使用皆伐的同年龄再生造林方法可能对某些松鼠食物物种有害。目前的市场状况对山毛榉、山核桃木、榆木、枫木和七叶树这些重要的松鼠食物存在歧视。造林技术的目标应是在松鼠管理很重要的地区，每英亩这些物种保留 9-18 平方英尺的断面面积。对于以木材生产为主的森林，建议的断面积应保留为农作物树，直至砍伐后的轮作年龄。由于其市场价值，橡树、黑胡桃树和郁金香树将在大多数再生林中得到很好的体现。
Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis and S. niger) food habits were investigated in southeast Ohio from March, 1962, through Sept., 1966, to determine the seasonally important food species and to relate these data to present timber management guides for the central hardwoods. The distribution of the 833 samples was: winter [long dash]60; spring [long dash]77; summer [long dash]144; fall [long dash]552. The important foods in decreasing order of occurrence were hickory nuts, beechnuts, acorns, fungi, black walnuts, plant leaves, yellow buckeye nuts, tuliptree samaras, flowering dogwood drupes, ironwood nuts, and hop hornbeam nuts. Hickory nuts, beechnuts, and acorns occurred in 75. 8 percent of the samples and made up 67. 4 percent of the total volume of foods eaten. Animal foods, chiefly insects, occurred in 15. 1 percent of the samples but made up less than 2 percent of the total volume. Fall food preferences were similar between gray and fox squirrels except that beechnuts were found in significantly greater frequency in gray squirrel stomachs. Live-trap capture frequencies suggested that gray squirrels utilized the beech-maple type in early fall more than fox squirrels. Hickory nuts and beechnuts were ingested significantly more often and in greater amounts than acorns during the fall. Squirrel food production was adequate under past uneven-age silvicultural methods but recent acceptance of even-aged regeneration silviculture using clearcuts may prove detrimental to some squirrel food species. Present market conditions discriminate against beech, hickory, elm, maple, and buckeye, all important squirrel foods. Silvicultural techniques should aim to retain 9-18 ft1 of basal area per acre of these species on areas where squirrel management is important. For forests where timber production has priority, the suggested basal area should be retained as crop trees until rotation age following clearcuts. Because of their market value, the oaks, black walnut, and tuliptree will be well represented in most regenerated stands.