Osteogenic stem cells and the stromal system of bone and marrow.
Osteogenic stem cells and the stromal system of bone and marrow.
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DOI：
10.1097/00003086-198903000-00035
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发表时间：
1989-03
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Jon N. Beresford
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jon N. Beresford
根据目前的假说，成骨谱系的细胞，包括成骨细胞和成软骨细胞，来源于出生后生物体中的基质干细胞。骨髓基质中存在与软质纤维组织相关的成骨前体，这一点已得到充分证实。当骨髓或骨髓细胞悬浮液在扩散室内体内培养时，形成由软骨和骨组成的成骨组织。当骨髓或骨髓细胞悬浮液被异位移植时，例如，在肾包膜下骨髓基质成纤维细胞的培养物很容易在体外从单细胞骨髓悬浮液中建立。这样的培养物在体外不显示成骨方向的明显分化。然而，当在体内移植时，它们在扩散室中分化形成软骨和骨，并且当异位移植时分化形成具有功能性骨髓器官的骨。单细胞骨髓悬液可以在促进基质成纤维细胞集落形成的条件下体外培养。间接证据支持以下结论：每个集落均源自称为集落形成单位成纤维细胞（CFU-F）的单个起始细胞。一定比例的CFU-F在体外和体内均表现出广泛的增殖潜力。在体外，CFU-F亚群的广泛增殖潜力已被证明与广泛自我更新的能力相关。在体内移植时，已显示一定比例的CFU-F的后代能够增殖并分化成骨形成和造血诱导微环境重建所需的所有基质细胞系。这些发现提供了强有力的间接证据，支持骨髓基质中存在干细胞的假设，这些干细胞能够产生许多不同谱系的细胞，包括成骨谱系的细胞（成软骨细胞和成骨细胞）。
According to current hypothesis, cells of the osteogenic lineage, which includes both osteoblasts and chondroblasts, are derived from a stromal stem cell in the postnatal organism. That there exist osteogenic precursors in association with the soft, fibrous tissue of the marrow stroma is well established. An osteogenic tissue comprised of cartilage and bone is formed when marrow or marrow cell suspensions are cultured in vivo within diffusion chambers. Bone with a functional marrow organ is formed when marrow or marrow cell suspensions are transplanted heterotopically, e.g., under the renal capsule. Cultures of marrow stromal fibroblasts are readily established in vitro from single-cell bone marrow suspensions. Such cultures do not demonstrate overt differentiation in an osteogenic direction in vitro. When transplanted in vivo, however, they differentiate to form cartilage and bone in diffusion chambers and bone with a functional marrow organ when transplanted heterotopically. Single-cell bone marrow suspensions can be cultured in vitro under conditions that facilitate the formation of stromal fibroblast colonies. Circumstantial evidence supports the conclusion that each colony is derived from a single initiating cell termed a colony-forming unit-fibroblastic (CFU-F). A proportion of CFU-F demonstrates extensive proliferative potential both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro the extensive proliferative potential of a subset of CFU-F has been shown to be associated with a capacity for extensive self-renewal. On transplantation in vivo, the progeny of a proportion of CFU-F has been shown to be capable of proliferating and differentiating into all the stromal cell lines necessary for the formation of bone and reconstitution of the hematopoietic inductive microenvironment. These findings provide strong circumstantial evidence to support the hypothesis that there are stem cells present within the marrow stroma that are capable of giving rise to cells of a number of different lineages, including those of the osteogenic lineage (chondroblasts and osteoblasts).