Morphological change of natural pipe outlets in blanket peat

Morphological change of natural pipe outlets in blanket peat
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覆盖层泥炭中天然管道出口的形态变化

DOI:
10.1002/esp.2239
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发表时间:
2011
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Holden J
Holden J
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Holden J

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泥炭地是重要的碳储存库,许多泥炭地有输送水和碳的天然管道(隧道)。管道通常被视为被动的、缓慢变化的泥炭地景观特征,特别是对于那些相对未受土地管理干扰的地点。然而,缺乏关于管道形态随时间变化的数据。本文首次对泥炭地的天然管道出口进行了调查,测量了管道出口随时间的形态变化。2007年至2010年间,我们对英格兰北部17.4公顷的天然管道出口进行了三次调查。在第一次调查中绘制的91个管道出口中,有27个是常年排放的,这些出口明显比那些短暂流动的管道更大、更浅。在研究期间,85%的管道出口的横截面积发生了变化(增加或减少),其中20%的管道出口面积变化超过50平方厘米(相当于上五分之一管道面积变化的中位数为207%),其中一个管道出口的面积变化最大为312平方厘米。在研究过程中,18个管道出口完全填满,同时出现了4个新的管道出口。平均管道出口面积在2007年8月至2009年7月间增加,但在2009年7月至2010年4月间减少。管道形态的最大变化发生在2009年7月至2010年4月之间,这段时间是英国31年来最冷的冬天。在此期间,垂直细长管的比例显著增加,圆形管的比例下降。地膜泥炭集水区的管道出口形态是动态的,可能对流量或极端事件的变化做出相对快速的反应,这些变化与短期天气变化有关,因此可能与气候或土地管理的长期变化有关。版权所有©2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Peatlands are important carbon stores and many have natural pipes (tunnels) that transport water and carbon. Pipes are often viewed as passive and slowly changing features of peatland landscapes, particularly for sites that are relatively undisturbed by land management. However, there is a lack of data on pipe morphology change over time. This paper presents the first survey of natural pipe outlets in a peatland in which morphological changes in pipe outlets through time were measured. Three surveys of natural pipe outlets between 2007 and 2010 were conducted in a 17.4 ha, relatively undisturbed, blanket‐peat‐covered catchment in northern England. 27 of the 91 pipe outlets mapped in the first survey had perennial discharge and these outlets were significantly larger and shallower than those from ephemerally‐flowing pipes. The cross‐sectional area of 85% of pipe outlets changed (increased or decreased) during the study, with 20% of pipe outlet areas changing by more than 50 cm2(equivalent to a median 207 % change in area for this upper fifth of pipes) up to a maximum of 312 cm2for one pipe outlet. During the study, 18 pipe outlets completely infilled, while four new ones appeared. Mean pipe outlet area increased between August 2007 and July 2009 but decreased from July 2009 to April 2010. The largest changes in pipe morphology occurred between July 2009 and April 2010, which spanned the coldest winter for 31 years in the UK. During this period there was a significant increase in the proportion of vertically‐elongated pipes and a decrease in the proportion of circular pipes. Pipe outlet morphology in blanket peat catchments is shown to be dynamic and may respond relatively quickly to changes in flow or extreme events, linked to short‐term changes in weather and hence potentially to longer‐term changes in climate or land management. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DOI: 10.1007/s10533-010-9409-6
发表时间: 2010-02
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影响因子: 4
作者:
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发表时间: 2008
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发表时间: 2003
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DOI: 10.1016/b978-075064226-2/50011-8
发表时间: 2002
影响因子: 3.3
作者:
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