Formation of Macroscale Flux Transfer Events at Mercury

Formation of Macroscale Flux Transfer Events at Mercury
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水星宏观通量传输事件的形成

DOI:
10.3847/2041-8213/ab8566
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发表时间:
2020-04
期刊:
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
W.X.Wan
W.X.Wan
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
J.Zhong;Y.Wei;L.C.Lee;J.S.He;J.A.Slavin;Z.Y.Pu;H.Zhang;X.G.Wang;W.X.Wan

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通量转移事件(FTE)是在太阳风与磁层直接相互作用的行星磁层顶通过磁重联产生的磁通量绳。先前的观测表明,在水星可以发生持续数秒的FTE,对应于∼0.5-1 RM的空间尺度。然而,这些大尺度FTE是在半径为∼1.5Rm的小维度磁层顶上形成的,目前还不清楚。在这里,我们报告了信使号航天器在水星磁层顶观测到的主动磁重联事件。重联过程主要由一系列多尺度FTE的形成所主导。离子尺度的通量绳,通常持续时间为∼1 S或更短,可能是由于次太阳位置附近薄电流片的撕裂不稳定性而产生的。此外,通常观察到的大尺度FTE由三到几十个连续的小规模FTE组成。我们认为水星上的大尺度FTE是由多个离子尺度通量绳相互作用和合并而产生的,可能要经过两个或两个以上的步骤。这不同于典型的FTE的形成,主要是在地球磁层顶的一对X线之间。因此,FTE的形成和演化可能在尺度大小范围很大的行星磁层之间有所不同。我们进一步得出结论,水星的磁层顶是一个天然的等离子体实验室,为即将到来的贝皮-科伦坡任务研究磁绳动力学和演化。
Flux transfer events (FTEs) are magnetic flux ropes that are produced via magnetic reconnection at the planetary magnetopause where the solar wind directly interacts with the magnetosphere. Previous observations show that FTEs with a duration of several seconds, corresponding to a spatial scale of ∼0.5–1 RM, can occur at Mercury. However, the formation of these macroscale FTEs at a small dimensional magnetopause with a radius of ∼1.5 RM remains unclear. Here, we report the observations of active magnetic reconnection events at Mercury’s magnetopause by the MESSENGER spacecraft. The reconnection process is dominated by the formation of a series of multi-scale FTEs. Ion-scale flux ropes, typically with durations of ∼1 s or less, may be produced by the tearing instability in the thin current sheet near the subsolar position. Moreover, the commonly observed macroscale FTEs consist of three to tens of successive small-scale FTEs. We propose that macroscale FTEs at Mercury are generated by the interaction and merging of multiple ion-scale flux ropes, probably through two or more steps. This is distinct from the formation of typical FTEs, mainly between a pair of X-lines, at Earth’s magnetopause. Thus, the formation and evolution of FTEs may differ among planetary magnetospheres with a vast range of scale sizes. We further conclude that Mercury’s magnetopause is a natural plasma laboratory to study flux rope dynamics and evolution for the upcoming Bepi-Colombo mission.
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