Central Nervous System Responses to Simulated Galactic Cosmic Rays.
Central Nervous System Responses to Simulated Galactic Cosmic Rays.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms19113669
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发表时间：
2018-11-20
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Costes SV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cekanaviciute E;Rosi S;Costes SV
在为月球和火星任务作准备时，必须考虑到长期深空居住对人类健康构成的挑战，这些挑战包括电离辐射、飞行和在轨期间的重力变化、空间环境的其他方面，如二氧化碳水平高，以及受限环境和社会孤立造成的心理压力。目前尚不清楚这些应激源是如何单独或组合影响中枢神经系统(CNS)的，从而给从事深空旅行的宇航员带来潜在的障碍。虽然人类航天研究只是在最近十年才开始包括由银河宇宙射线传输到中枢神经系统的辐射的影响，但辐射目前被认为是延长空间飞行和深空探索的主要应激源之一。在这里，我们将回顾目前关于模拟空间辐射引起的中枢神经系统损伤的知识，重点是神经元和神经胶质反应以及认知功能。此外，我们将提出新的实验方法，将这些知识整合到更全面的研究中，包括一次多个应激源和潜在的人类功能转换。最后，我们将讨论开发生物标志物作为认知功能下降的预测指标的必要性，以及预防中枢神经系统损伤和认知能力丧失的治疗对策。
In preparation for lunar and Mars missions it is essential to consider the challenges to human health that are posed by long-duration deep space habitation via multiple stressors, including ionizing radiation, gravitational changes during flight and in orbit, other aspects of the space environment such as high level of carbon dioxide, and psychological stress from confined environment and social isolation. It remains unclear how these stressors individually or in combination impact the central nervous system (CNS), presenting potential obstacles for astronauts engaged in deep space travel. Although human spaceflight research only within the last decade has started to include the effects of radiation transmitted by galactic cosmic rays to the CNS, radiation is currently considered to be one of the main stressors for prolonged spaceflight and deep space exploration. Here we will review the current knowledge of CNS damage caused by simulated space radiation with an emphasis on neuronal and glial responses along with cognitive functions. Furthermore, we will present novel experimental approaches to integrate the knowledge into more comprehensive studies, including multiple stressors at once and potential translation to human functions. Finally, we will discuss the need for developing biomarkers as predictors for cognitive decline and therapeutic countermeasures to prevent CNS damage and the loss of cognitive abilities.
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影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Allen, Antino R.;Eilertson, Kirsten;Fike, John R.
通讯作者：
Fike, John R.
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Birey F;Andersen J;Makinson CD;Islam S;Wei W;Huber N;Fan HC;Metzler KRC;Panagiotakos G;Thom N;O'Rourke NA;Steinmetz LM;Bernstein JA;Hallmayer J;Huguenard JR;Paşca SP
通讯作者：
Paşca SP
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Cherry JD;Liu B;Frost JL;Lemere CA;Williams JP;Olschowka JA;O'Banion MK
通讯作者：
O'Banion MK
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Giedzinski, E;Rola, R;Limoli, CL
通讯作者：
Limoli, CL
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
CHATTERJEE, A;MACCABEE, HD;TOBIAS, CA
通讯作者：
TOBIAS, CA