Culture and stigma: Adding moral experience to stigma theory
Culture and stigma: Adding moral experience to stigma theory
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.11.013
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发表时间：
2007-04-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Good, Byron
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang, Lawrence Hsin;Kleinman, Arthur;Good, Byron
污名结构的定义和理论模型已逐渐从个人主义的关注到强调污名的社会方面。以其他理论家的污名化为基础。解释性或文化过程，本文介绍了污名作为本质上的道德问题，在该问题中，污名化的条件威胁着患者对患者的威胁。道德经验的概念，或当地社会世界中的演员最危险的概念，提供了一种新的解释性镜头，可以通过该视角来理解污名化和污名化的概念，因为它允许对既有与生活”的考察真正重要的是什么。我们假设污名通过威胁最大的危害或实际减少或破坏这一价值的损失或减少，从而发挥其核心作用。在中国，我们利用了两个在美国的污名疾病的例子，在美国进行了第一次精神分裂症患者来说明这一概念。我们进一步利用中国的“面部”例子来说明污名，即具有道德的维度（值与物理经验相关）和道德情感（值与情感状态相关）。在回顾了有关现有污名理论如何导致研究评估个人的文献之后，我们通过概述了道德经验的概念如何为未来的污名测量提供了结论。我们建议，通过确定污名是一种道德体验，可以为反污名干预计划及其评估创建新的目标。此外，我们建议使用交易方法和多种观点和方法，以更充分地捕获道德经验理论所构成的污名核心核心。 （c）2006 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。
Definitions and theoretical models of the stigma construct have gradually progressed from an individualistic focus towards an emphasis on stigma's social aspects. Building on other theorists' notions of stigma as a social. interpretive, or cultural process, this paper introduces the notion of stigma as an essentially moral issue in which stigmatized conditions threaten what is at stake for sufferers. The concept of moral experience, or what is most at stake for actors in a local social world, provides a new interpretive lens by which to understand the behaviors of both the stigmatized and stigmatizers, for it allows an examination of both as living with regard to what really matters and what is threatened. We hypothesize that stigma exerts its core effects by threatening the loss or diminution of what is most at stake, or by actually diminishing or destroying that lived value. We utilize two case examples of stigma-mental illness in China and first-onset schizophrenia patients in the United States-to illustrate this concept. We further utilize the Chinese example of 'face' to illustrate stigma as having dimensions that are moral-somatic (where values are linked to physical experiences) and moral-emotional (values are linked to emotional states). After reviewing literature on how existing stigma theory has led to a predominance of research assessing the individual, we conclude by outlining how the concept of moral experience may inform future stigma measurement. We propose that by identifying how stigma is a moral experience, new targets can be created for anti-stigma intervention programs and their evaluation. Further, we recommend the use of transactional methodologies and multiple perspectives and methods to more fully capture the interpersonal core of stigma as framed by theories of moral experience. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.