Analysis of cartilage differentiation from skeletal muscle grown on bone matrix. III. Environmental regulation of glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan synthesis.
Analysis of cartilage differentiation from skeletal muscle grown on bone matrix. III. Environmental regulation of glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan synthesis.
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DOI：
10.1016/0012-1606(83)90310-x
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发表时间：
1980-08
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
M. Nathanson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Nathanson
许多营养和地形因素影响胚胎间充质分化的能力已经产生了几种理论，试图解释这些相似的细胞发育成肌肉和软骨。一些理论受到以下观察结果的挑战：脱矿骨基质能够支持骨骼肌在体外转化为软骨，并且形成软骨的潜力仍然存在于骨骼肌的克隆成肌细胞和成纤维细胞中。在本研究中，培养基CMRL-1066，最低必需培养基（MEM），和F-12提供不同的营养环境，并测试其支持骨骼肌的形态和生化转化为软骨的能力。在形态学上，CMRL-1066可重复地支持透明软骨形成，而MEM仅在脱矿骨上的三个外植体中的一个中这样做，并且F-12不能支持透明基质的形成。在生物化学上，每种培养基都足以引起硫酸化糖胺聚糖和蛋白聚糖单体的软骨样模式的合成。在CMRL-1066中生长的外植体中，透明质酸（HA）的合成最初增加，但在软骨形成之前减少。MEM使HA合成类似增加，但随后的减少没有那么快。在F-12中，合成在整个实验中保持抑制。数据显示HA合成的增加与成纤维细胞样细胞的出现同时发生，成纤维细胞样细胞通常先于成软骨细胞。HA合成的减少与软骨形成的发生密切相关。在CMRL-1066中生长的外植体可再现地形成软骨并合成最大量的蛋白聚糖聚集体。那些在MEM中生长的人很少形成软骨，合成减少量的蛋白聚糖聚集体样物质，并含有大量的低分子量HA。这些数据表明，软骨形成可以微妙地调节环境因素，这些因素通过HA合成调节表型的形态和生化表达。
The ability of numerous nutritional and topographic factors to influence differentiation of embryonic mesenchyme has given rise to several theories which attempt to explain the development of muscle and cartilage from these similar-appearing cells. Some theories are challenged by the observation that a substratum of demineralized bone is capable of supporting the transformation of skeletal muscle into cartilagein vitroand that the potential to form cartilage still resides within cloned myoblasts and fibroblasts of skeletal muscle. In the present study, culture media CMRL-1066, minimal essential medium (MEM), and F-12 provide varied nutritional environments and are tested for their ability to support the morphological and biochemical transformation of skeletal muscle into cartilage. Morphologically, CMRL-1066 reproducibly supports hyaline cartilage formation, whereas MEM does so in only one out of three explants onto demineralized bone, and F-12 is incapable of supporting formation of a hyaline matrix. Biochemically, each medium is sufficient to elicit synthesis of cartilage-like patterns of sulfated glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycan monomer. Synthesis of hyaluronic acid (HA) initially increases in explants grown in CMRL-1066, but decreases prior to chondrogenesis. MEM elicits a similar increase in HA synthesis, but the subsequent decrease is not as rapid. In F-12, synthesis remains depressed throughout the experiment. The data show that increases in HA synthesis occur concurrent with the appearance of fibroblast-like cells, which normally precede chondroblasts. Decreases in HA synthesis correlate well with the onset of chondrogenesis. Explants grown in CMRL-1066 reproducibly form cartilage and synthesize the greatest amounts of proteoglycan aggregate. Those grown in MEM form cartilage infrequently, synthesize reduced amounts of proteoglycan aggregate-like material, and contain greater amounts of HA, of low molecular weight. The data demonstrate that chondrogenesis can be subtly regulated by environmental factors, and such factors regulate both the morphological and biochemical expression of the phenotype through HA synthesis.