Economic benefits of meteorological services
Economic benefits of meteorological services
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气象服务的经济效益
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Zillman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Freebairn;J. Zillman
越来越需要对气象服务的经济价值进行更严格和更广泛的确定，以帮助做出有关在国家层面提供适当资金水平的决策。基于大多数国家气象基础设施和服务都具有公共产品的非竞争性这一认识，本文开发了一个评估气象服务经济价值的总体框架。鉴于确定总效益和边际效益的总体框架，概述了适用于估值研究的四种主要方法——市场价格、规范性或规定性决策模型、描述性行为反应研究和条件估值研究——并描述了它们的优点和局限性。尽管存在方法上的局限性，并且需要对各个应用部门进行更全面的研究，但很明显，最先进的气象和相关服务给个人、公司、行业部门和国民经济带来的实际和潜在利益是巨大的，但在现阶段，许多国家没有充分认识和充分利用这些利益。版权所有© 2002 英国皇家气象学会。
There is an increasing need for more rigorous and more broadly based determination of the economic value of meteorological services as an aid to decision‐making on the appropriate level of funding to be committed to their provision at the national level. This paper develops an overall framework for assessment of the economic value of meteorological services based on the recognition that most national meteorological infrastructure and services possess the non rival properties of public goods. Given this overall framework for determination of both total and marginal benefits, four main methodologies appropriate for use in valuation studies –market prices, normative or prescriptive decision‐making models, descriptive behavioural response studies and contingent valuation studies –are outlined and their strengths and limitations described. Notwithstanding the methodological limitations and the need for a much more comprehensive set of studies for the various application sectors, it is clear that the actual and potential benefits to individuals, firms, industry sectors and national economies from state‐of‐the‐art meteorological and related services are substantial and that, at this stage, they are inadequately recognised and insufficiently exploited in many countries. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.