Social heuristics shape intuitive cooperation
Social heuristics shape intuitive cooperation
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DOI：
10.1038/ncomms4677
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发表时间：
2014-04-01
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Greene, Joshua D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rand, David G.;Peysakhovich, Alexander;Greene, Joshua D.
合作是人类社会的核心。然而，人们对合作决策的认知基础知之甚少。合作是否需要刻意的自我克制？还是自发的亲社会行为被计算自身利益所束缚？在这里，我们提出了一个理论，为什么（和谁）直觉有利于合作：合作是典型的在日常生活中有利的，导致形成广义的合作直觉。相比之下，深思熟虑会调整行为，使其在特定情况下达到最佳状态。因此，在一次性匿名互动中，自私是最佳的，直觉反应往往比深思熟虑的反应更合作。我们测试这个“社会心理学假设”，通过在每个合作实验中使用我们在2年内进行的时间压力（15项研究和6，910项决策）进行汇总，以及进行一个新的时间压力实验。这样做表明时间压力对合作的平均影响是积极的。我们还发现这种效果的实质性变化，并表明这种变化部分解释了以前的经验与一次性实验室实验。
Cooperation is central to human societies. Yet relatively little is known about the cognitive underpinnings of cooperative decision making. Does cooperation require deliberate self-restraint? Or is spontaneous prosociality reined in by calculating self-interest? Here we present a theory of why (and for whom) intuition favors cooperation: cooperation is typically advantageous in everyday life, leading to the formation of generalized cooperative intuitions. Deliberation, by contrast, adjusts behaviour towards the optimum for a given situation. Thus, in one-shot anonymous interactions where selfishness is optimal, intuitive responses tend to be more cooperative than deliberative responses. We test this 'social heuristics hypothesis' by aggregating across every cooperation experiment using time pressure that we conducted over a 2-year period (15 studies and 6,910 decisions), as well as performing a novel time pressure experiment. Doing so demonstrates a positive average effect of time pressure on cooperation. We also find substantial variation in this effect, and show that this variation is partly explained by previous experience with one-shot lab experiments.