Autobiographical memory: Autobiographical memory: a historical prologue
Autobiographical memory: Autobiographical memory: a historical prologue
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自传体记忆： 自传体记忆：历史序幕
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511558313.005
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发表时间：
1986
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
J. A. Robinson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. A. Robinson
当我们谈到自传体记忆时，我们指的是一个人对自己生活经历的记忆。像人类行为的许多其他方面一样，对个人回忆的研究早于心理学作为一门学科的出现。从一开始，传记作家和历史学家就用个人回忆来描述个人和集体的过去。在传记和历史著作中，记忆的存档功能常常被给予首要的强调。根据这种观点，生活记忆是时间胶囊，记录不可重复的过去。因此，它们既可以用来回顾过去，也可以用来为未来提供教训。记忆和叙事之间的密切联系源于这种用过去来指导当代和后代的冲动。然而，意识到记忆的不可靠性与人类对记忆本身的迷恋一样古老，并且通过各种手段（例如，文件，同时代人的确证报告）来验证和验证回忆的努力是区分历史和传记与传说和民间传说的因素之一。历史学家和传记作家过去和现在都关心对过去进行明智的叙述。他们并不关心记忆本身;这已经成为心理学的领域。自传体记忆的系统性实证研究可以追溯到加隆和弗洛伊德。两人都是艾宾浩斯的同时代人，但他们都建立了与艾宾浩斯截然不同的记忆研究传统，而且彼此也截然不同。生活记忆告诉我们一些关于记忆和记忆者的事情。从一开始，对记忆的这两个方面的兴趣就把自传体记忆的研究与来自艾宾浩斯传统的学习和记忆的研究区分开来，高尔顿和弗洛伊德都赞成直接研究个人回忆，但他们在方法和目的上有所不同。高尔顿研究记忆的方法是植物学家的方法，而弗洛伊德的方法是传记作家的方法。高尔顿着迷于多样性，并试图描述，量化和编纂
When we speak of autobiographical memory we are referring to the memories a person has of his or her own life experiences. Like many other aspects of human behavior, the study of personal recollections predates the emergence of psychology as a discipline. From the beginning biographers and historians have used personal recollections to construe the individual and collective past. The archival function of memory has often been given primary emphasis in biographical and historical work. According to this view, life memories are time capsules, records of an unrepeatable past. As such they can be used both to recount the past and to teach lessons for the future. The intimate association between memory and narrative arises from this urge to use the past to instruct present and future generations. An awareness of the fallibility of memory, however, is as old as man's fascination with memory itself, and efforts to authenticate and verify recollections by various means (eg, documents, corroborative reports from contemporaries) are among the factors that distinguish history and biography from legend and folklore. Historians and biographers were and remain concerned with the construction of judicious accounts of the past. They are not concerned with remembering per se; that has become the province of psychology. We can trace the beginnings of systematic empirical research on autobiographical memory to Gallon and Freud. Both were contemporaries of Ebbinghaus, but both established traditions of memory research quite different from his, and quite different from each other's. Life memories tell us something about remembering and about the rememberer. An interest in this double aspect of memory has, from the beginning, distinguished work on autobiographical memory from the research on learning and memory that has flowed from the Ebbinghausian tradition.Galton and Freud both favored the direct study of personal recollections, but they differed in method and purpose. Galton's approach to memory was that of the botanist whereas Freud's approach was that of the biographer. Galton was fascinated with variety and sought to describe, quantify, and codify