Herpes Zoster and Its Prevention by Vaccination
Herpes Zoster and Its Prevention by Vaccination
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DOI：
10.1159/000504484
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Levin, Myron J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Johnson, Robert W.;Levin, Myron J.
带状疱疹(HZ；带状疱疹)是由于水痘(水痘)初次感染后水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV)重新激活引起的。它主要影响老年人和患有免疫功能受损疾病或治疗的人。最常见的并发症是带状疱疹后遗神经痛(PHN)，严重影响患者的生活质量和日常生活能力。由于PHN一旦发生HZ就无法预防，而且治疗只取得了一定的成功，并与显著的副作用有关，因此最近推出的有效疫苗是一项重要的成就。这种新的疫苗结合了单一的VZV糖蛋白(GE)和多组分的佐剂，优于以前可用的VZV减毒活疫苗。重组佐剂疫苗在恢复预防HZ所需的保护性T细胞介导的免疫方面非常有效。它的临床疗效比其他疫苗对受免疫衰老影响的老年人的疗效要大得多，其安全性是非常可以接受的。在美国和加拿大，它被推荐给50岁以上的人。这种疫苗在免疫功能严重受损的个体中的免疫原性和安全性正在研究中，如恶性肿瘤化疗后、固体器官或干细胞移植后以及艾滋病毒携带者。(C)2020年S.Karger AG，巴塞尔
Herpes zoster (HZ; shingles) results from reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) after primary infection as varicella (chicken pox). It affects mainly older adults and people with immunocompromising diseases or treatments. The most common complication is postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), which has significant adverse effects on quality of life and activities of daily living. Since PHN cannot be prevented once HZ has occurred, and treatment is only modestly successful and is associated with significant side effects, the recent introduction of an effective vaccine is an important achievement. This new vaccine, which combines a single VZV glycoprotein (gE) and a multicomponent adjuvant, is superior to the previously available live attenuated VZV vaccine. The recombinant adjuvanted vaccine is remarkably effective in restoring the protective T cell-mediated immunity required to prevent HZ. Its clinical efficacy is much greater than that observed with other vaccines for older individuals affected by immune senescence, and its safety profile is very acceptable. It has been recommended in the USA and Canada for people who are 50 years of age and older. The immunogenicity and safety of this vaccine in severely immunocompromised individuals, such as after chemotherapy for malignancy, after solid organ or stem cell transplant, and in people with HIV are being studied. (c) 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel