AN HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ROLE OF THE SPINE IN HUMAN LOCOMOTION - A CHALLENGE TO CURRENT THINKING
AN HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ROLE OF THE SPINE IN HUMAN LOCOMOTION - A CHALLENGE TO CURRENT THINKING
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/0141-5425(85)90021-4
复制
发表时间：
1985-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
GRACOVETSKY, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GRACOVETSKY, S
运动首先是通过脊柱的运动实现的。后来又添了四肢，这是一种改进，而不是替代；然而，对两足步态的分析几乎完全集中在四肢的运动上。对陆地运动的要求从一般的角度进行了检查，脊椎动物脊柱的进化被认为是一种旨在移动动物的机制。还分析了必要的脊柱运动；讨论了肌肉骨骼系统的作用，腰椎是陆地运动的关键结构，骨盆由脊柱驱动。运动的最佳控制要求所有椎间关节处的应力最小且均匀。这种运动理论要求中枢神经系统控制这些椎间关节的扭矩，并表明控制系统的故障将导致脊柱扭转失效。该理论得到了从多个来源收集的肌电图、力和扭矩数据的支持。
Locomotion was first achieved by the motion of the spine. The limbs came after, as an improvement, not as a substitute; and yet, analysis of bipedal gait concentrates almost exclusively on the motion of the limbs. The requirements for land locomotion are examined from a general point of view and the evolution of the vertebrate spine is presented as a mechanism designed to move the animal. The necessary spinal movements are also analyzed; the role of the musculoskeletal system is discussed and the lumbar spine is a key structure in land locomotion, the pelvis being driven by the spine. The optimum control of motion demands that the stress at all the intervertebral joints should be minimized and equalized. This theory of locomotion requires the CNS to control the torque at those intervertebral joints and suggests that a breakdown of the control system would result in torsional failure of the spine. The theory is supported by EMG, force and torque data collected from several sources.