Global ecotypes in the ubiquitous marine clade SAR86
Global ecotypes in the ubiquitous marine clade SAR86
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DOI：
10.1038/s41396-019-0516-7
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
Pollard, Katherine S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoarfrost, Adrienne;Nayfach, Stephen;Pollard, Katherine S.
SAR 86是表层海洋中丰富且普遍存在的异养生物，在海洋生态系统的功能中发挥着核心作用。我们假设，尽管它的普遍存在，不同的SAR86亚型可能是特有的特定海洋区域和功能专门为独特的海洋环境。然而，全球的SAR86基因的地理分布，以及这些分布与海洋环境的相关方式，还没有调查。我们量化了全球分布的宏基因组样本中的SAR86基因含量，并将这些基因分布建模为51个环境变量的函数。我们在SAR 86泛基因组中确定了五个不同的基因簇，每个基因簇都具有与特定环境特征相关的独特地理分布。基因簇的特点是强大的分类富集不同的SAR86基因组和部分组件，以及某些功能组的差异富集，表明不同的功能和生态作用的SAR86生态型。然后，我们利用我们的模型和高分辨率，遥感衍生的环境数据来预测SAR86基因簇在世界海洋中的分布，创建SAR86生态型分布的全球地图。我们的研究结果表明，SAR86表现出以前未知的，复杂的微生物学，并提供了一个框架，探索地理分布的遗传多样性从其他微生物分支。
SAR86 is an abundant and ubiquitous heterotroph in the surface ocean that plays a central role in the function of marine ecosystems. We hypothesized that despite its ubiquity, different SAR86 subgroups may be endemic to specific ocean regions and functionally specialized for unique marine environments. However, the global biogeographical distributions of SAR86 genes, and the manner in which these distributions correlate with marine environments, have not been investigated. We quantified SAR86 gene content across globally distributed metagenomic samples and modeled these gene distributions as a function of 51 environmental variables. We identified five distinct clusters of genes within the SAR86 pangenome, each with a unique geographic distribution associated with specific environmental characteristics. Gene clusters are characterized by the strong taxonomic enrichment of distinct SAR86 genomes and partial assemblies, as well as differential enrichment of certain functional groups, suggesting differing functional and ecological roles of SAR86 ecotypes. We then leveraged our models and high-resolution, remote sensing-derived environmental data to predict the distributions of SAR86 gene clusters across the world's oceans, creating global maps of SAR86 ecotype distributions. Our results reveal that SAR86 exhibits previously unknown, complex biogeography, and provide a framework for exploring geographic distributions of genetic diversity from other microbial clades.