HOW PLANTS RESPOND TO CLIMATE CHANGE - MIGRATION RATES, INDIVIDUALISM AND THE CONSEQUENCES FOR PLANT-COMMUNITIES
HOW PLANTS RESPOND TO CLIMATE CHANGE - MIGRATION RATES, INDIVIDUALISM AND THE CONSEQUENCES FOR PLANT-COMMUNITIES
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DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088205
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发表时间：
1991-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
HUNTLEY, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HUNTLEY, B
对下个世纪气候变化的预测与上一次冰川消退期间变暖的幅度相当。自那次事件以来，没有发生过类似规模的气候变化。对过去气候变化的反应，特别是植物的反应的古生态学证据表明，进化适应只起了很小的作用，迁徙是生物对气候变化的通常反应。在植被和生态系统性质的变化方面，反应的个人主义具有重要意义。树木迁移响应的最大实现速率，虽然可能与最大潜在速率相匹配，但接近于这种长寿的无根生物所能达到的最大速率。对未来气候变化速度的预测是冰川消融变暖速度的10-100倍。除非采取措施促进生物对预测变化的迁移反应，否则很可能发生大范围的灭绝。人工散布树木和其他传播和（或）迁徙能力有限的生物，普遍扩大目前仅在指定的保护区内对某些受威胁生物的法律保护，以及将野生动物栖息地的要求和野生动物走廊纳入人类景观利用，这些都可能是必要的。如果要避免大范围甚至灾难性灭绝的可能性，还必须采取严格措施，通过限制温室气体排放来限制未来气候变化的程度。
The magnitude of climate changes forecast for the next century is comparable to the magnitude of warming during the last deglaciation. No climate change of similar magnitude has occurred since that event. The palaeoecological evidence of the response, especially of plants, to past climate change indicates that evolutionary adaptation has played no more than a minor role and that migration is the usual response of organisms to climate change. The individualism of response has important implications with respect to changes in the nature of vegetation and ecosystems. The maximum realized rates of migratory response by trees, although perhaps matching the maximum potential rates, are close to the maximum that it is believed can be achieved by such long-lived sessile organisms. The rate of climate change forecast for the future is 10-100 times faster than the rate of deglacial warming. Unless steps are taken to facilitate the migratory response of organisms to the forecast changes, then widespread extinction is likely. Artificial dispersal of trees and other organisms of limited dispersal and/or migratory capacity, the general extension of the legal protection currently afforded to some threatened organisms only within designated reserves, and the integration of wildlife habitat requirements and of wildlife corridors into human landscape utilization are all likely to be necessary. Stringent measures to limit the extent of future climate change by limiting emissions of greenhouse gases will also be necessary if the possibility of widespread and even catastrophic extinction is to be avoided.