Predicted Influences of Artificial Intelligence on the Domains of Nursing: Scoping Review.
Predicted Influences of Artificial Intelligence on the Domains of Nursing: Scoping Review.
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作者：
Buchanan C;Howitt ML;Wilson R;Booth RG;Risling T;Bamford M
人工智能（AI）将改变卫生系统，但迄今为止，很少有研究探讨它对护士（最大的卫生专业人员群体）的影响。此外，很少有人讨论人工智能将如何影响以人为本的病人、家庭和护理人员的同情心护理体验。本综述旨在总结现有文献关于人工智能驱动的卫生技术的新兴趋势及其对以下护理领域的影响：管理、临床实践、政策和研究。这篇综述总结了三个研究问题的结果，研究了这些新兴趋势如何影响护士的角色和功能，以及未来10年及以后的同情心护理。使用既定的范围评价方法，检索MEDLINE、CINAHL、EMBASE、PsycINFO、Cochrane系统评价数据库、Cochrane Central、教育资源信息中心、Scopus、Web of Science和ProQuest数据库。除了电子数据库搜索外，还进行了有针对性的网站搜索，以获取相关的灰色文献。摘要和全文研究由2位审稿人使用预先指定的纳入和排除标准独立筛选。收录了一些文章，重点介绍了结合人工智能的护理和数字卫生技术。数据采用结构化形式绘制图表，并进行叙述总结。针对本文重点研究的3个研究问题，共检索了131篇文献（118篇来自数据库，13篇来自目标网站）。报告中讨论的新兴人工智能技术包括预测分析、智能家居、虚拟医疗助理和机器人。结果表明，人工智能已经开始影响护理角色、工作流程和护患关系。一般来说，机器人并不被视为护士的替代品。人们一致认为，由人工智能驱动的卫生技术可能有潜力加强护理实践。因此，护士必须积极地定义如何在人工智能时代保持以人为本的同情心护理。护士有共同责任影响与将人工智能纳入卫生系统有关的决策，并确保以合乎道德的方式引入这一变革，并与同情护理等核心护理价值观保持一致。此外，护士必须倡导患者和护理人员参与这些技术的设计、实施和评估的各个方面。rr2 - 10.2196/17490
Artificial intelligence (AI) is set to transform the health system, yet little research to date has explored its influence on nurses—the largest group of health professionals. Furthermore, there has been little discussion on how AI will influence the experience of person-centered compassionate care for patients, families, and caregivers. This review aims to summarize the extant literature on the emerging trends in health technologies powered by AI and their implications on the following domains of nursing: administration, clinical practice, policy, and research. This review summarizes the findings from 3 research questions, examining how these emerging trends might influence the roles and functions of nurses and compassionate nursing care over the next 10 years and beyond. Using an established scoping review methodology, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central, Education Resources Information Center, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were searched. In addition to the electronic database searches, a targeted website search was performed to access relevant gray literature. Abstracts and full-text studies were independently screened by 2 reviewers using prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included articles focused on nursing and digital health technologies that incorporate AI. Data were charted using structured forms and narratively summarized. A total of 131 articles were retrieved from the scoping review for the 3 research questions that were the focus of this manuscript (118 from database sources and 13 from targeted websites). Emerging AI technologies discussed in the review included predictive analytics, smart homes, virtual health care assistants, and robots. The results indicated that AI has already begun to influence nursing roles, workflows, and the nurse-patient relationship. In general, robots are not viewed as replacements for nurses. There is a consensus that health technologies powered by AI may have the potential to enhance nursing practice. Consequently, nurses must proactively define how person-centered compassionate care will be preserved in the age of AI. Nurses have a shared responsibility to influence decisions related to the integration of AI into the health system and to ensure that this change is introduced in a way that is ethical and aligns with core nursing values such as compassionate care. Furthermore, nurses must advocate for patient and nursing involvement in all aspects of the design, implementation, and evaluation of these technologies. RR2-10.2196/17490