Life cycle of the copepod Calanus hyperboreus in the Greenland sea
Life cycle of the copepod Calanus hyperboreus in the Greenland sea
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DOI：
10.1007/s002270050127
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发表时间：
1997-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Hirche, HJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hirche, HJ
通过格陵兰环流中部（GSG）和西斯匹次卑尔根洋流（WSC）从地表到海底的运输描述了北极桡足类Calanus hyperboreus的季节性个体发育迁徙。除雌性外，所有阶段均在 GSG 低于 500 m 的高度和 WSC 低于 1000 m 的高度过冬。季节性上升从四月开始，下降从七月开始。对于 C. hyperboreus 种群，估计在 8 个月的越冬期间主动向下运输 8.1 g m(-2) 干重，类似于沉积物捕集器中颗粒物的 Aux 速率。生物量的季节分布是根据单个阶段的重量测量确定的。 GSG 的两个不同年份的年平均值从 4.0 到 9.2 g m(-2) 不等，而 WSC 的一年平均值为 1.1。格陵兰海的生命周期是根据 CV 的阶段组成、垂直分布、繁殖和换毛周期阶段的现场数据重建的。秋季对CIV和CV的换羽进行了实验室实验。建议 GSG 的生命周期为 3 年（男性）和 3 至 4 年（女性），WSC 的生命周期为 2 至 3 年。然而，在 WSC 中观察到的幼虫数量较少以及老年桡足类不完全的春季上升使人们对 WSC 的繁殖成功率产生了怀疑。发育阶段执行的一系列生理策略和适应支持该物种在恶劣环境中的生存。
The seasonal ontogenetic migration of the Arctic copepod Calanus hyperboreus was described from surface-to-bottom hauls in the central Greenland Sea Gyre (GSG) and in the Westspitsbergen Current (WSC). All stages except females spent the winter below 500 m in the GSG and below 1000 m in the WSC. Seasonal ascent begins in April, and descent in July. For the C. hyperboreus population an active downward transport of 8.1 g m(-2) dry weight during 8 months of overwintering was estimated, similar to Aux rates of particulate matter in sediment traps. Seasonal distribution of biomass was determined from weight measurements of single stages. Annual means varied from 4.0 to 9.2 g m(-2) in two different years in the GSG and were 1.1 in 1 year in the WSC. The life cycle in the Greenland Sea was reconstructed from field data on stage composition, vertical distribution, reproduction, and moult cycle phase from tooth development of CV. Laboratory experiments were conducted on the moulting of CIV and CV in fall. A 3-year (males) and 3- to 4-year (females) life cycle is proposed for the GSG and 2 to 3 years for the WSC. However, the small number of young larvae and the incomplete spring ascent by older copepodites observed in the WSC cast doubt on the reproductive success in the WSC. A suite of physiological strategies and adaptations performed by the developmental stages support survival of this species in harsh environments.