Ageism as a Risk Factor for Chronic Disease
Ageism as a Risk Factor for Chronic Disease
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DOI：
10.1093/geront/gnu158
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Allen, Julie Ober
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allen, Julie Ober
种族歧视是美国社会最宽容和制度化的偏见形式之一。老年人在就业、保健和其他领域受到歧视。暴露于不利的刻板印象会对老年人的态度、认知和行为产生不利影响。消极的陈规定型观念加上歧视的反复出现可能使老龄歧视成为老年人生活中的一个长期压力源。压力影响身体健康的方式正在获得越来越多的支持。风化假说（Geronimus，A. T.（1992年）。风化假说和非洲裔美国妇女和婴儿的健康：证据和推测。Ethnicity and Disease，2，207-221）认为，慢性客观和主观压力源以及高强度应对的累积效应会导致身体退化，过早衰老以及相关的健康问题，如慢性疾病。研究人员已经发现了对风化假说的实证支持，以及其对种族和民族健康差异的理论贡献。虽然年龄歧视并不像种族主义那样在整个生命过程中经历，但反复暴露于与年龄陈规定型观念和歧视有关的慢性压力源可能会增加慢性疾病、死亡率和其他不良健康后果的风险。我的结论与实践的影响，在帮助专业和建议，为未来的研究。作为慢性病的一个可能的社会决定因素，肥胖症值得更多的认可、社会谴责和科学研究。
Ageism is one of the most socially condoned and institutionalized forms of prejudice in the United States. Older adults are discriminated against in employment, health care, and other domains. Exposure to unfavorable stereotypes adversely affects the attitudes, cognitions, and behavior of older adults. Recurrent experiences with negative stereotypes combined with discrimination may make ageism a chronic stressor in the lives of older adults. The way stress influences physical health is gaining increasing support. The weathering hypothesis (Geronimus, A. T. (1992). The weathering hypothesis and the health of African-American women and infants: Evidence and speculations. Ethnicity and Disease, 2, 207-221) posits that the cumulative effects of chronic objective and subjective stressors and high-effort coping cause deterioration of the body, premature aging, and associated health problems such as chronic diseases. Researchers have found empirical support for the weathering hypothesis as well as its theorized contribution to racial and ethnic health disparities. Although ageism is not experienced over the entire life course, as racism typically is, repeated exposure to chronic stressors associated with age stereotypes and discrimination may increase the risk of chronic disease, mortality, and other adverse health outcomes. I conclude with implications for practice in the helping professions and recommendations for future research. Ageism warrants greater recognition, social condemnation, and scientific study as a possible social determinant of chronic disease.