Improving the Performance of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil for Nature Conservation
Improving the Performance of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil for Nature Conservation
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01448.x
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Mateo Vega, Javier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Laurance, William F.;Koh, Lian P.;Mateo Vega, Javier
油棕（Elaeis spp.）是世界上扩张最快的作物之一。油棕种植园在马来西亚和印度尼西亚尤为普遍，在新几内亚、赤道非洲、中美洲和亚马逊等热带地区也迅速增加（Butler & lawrence 2009; Koh & Wilcove 2009）。油棕是热带森林砍伐的重要驱动因素，部分原因是种植园主经常使用来自原始森林的木材收入来补贴种植园建立和维护的初始成本（Fitzherbert et al. 2008）。油棕的扩张危及低地雨林和泥炭沼泽森林，它们分别是地球上生物最丰富和碳密度最高的生态系统（Butler & lawrence 2009; Koh et al. 2009tf）。由于油棕的高利润率和全球对食用油和生物燃料原料不断增长的需求，油棕的快速扩张似乎还将持续多年。棕榈油的支持者强调，棕榈油的主要替代品，包括豆油、葵花籽油和菜籽油，每公顷的生产效率仅为棕榈油的10-20%，因此需要更大的耕地面积才能获得类似的效益（Basiron 2009）。然而，从气候变化和生物多样性的角度来看，这种进步
Oil palm (Elaeis spp.) is one of the world's most rapidly expanding crops. Especially prevalent in Malaysia and In-donesia, oil-palm plantations are also increasing rapidly across tropical regions as diverse as New Guinea, Equa-torial Africa, Central America, and the Amazon (Butler & Laurance 2009; Koh & Wilcove 2009). Oil palm is an important driver of tropical deforestation, in part, be-cause plantation owners often use timber revenues from old-growth forests to subsidize the initial costs of plantation establishment and maintenance (Fitzherbert et al. 2008). Expansion of oil palm imperils both lowland rainforests and peat-swamp forests, which are, respectively, among the biologically richest and most carbon-dense ecosystems on Earth (Butler & Laurance 2009; Koh et al. 2009tf).The rapid expansion of oil palm seems likely to con-tinue for many years because of its high profitability and the growing global demands for edible oils and biofuel feedstocks. Proponents of palm oil emphasize that its main alternatives, including soy, sunflower, and canola (rapeseed) oils, have production efficiencies just 10-20% as high as palm oil on a per-hectare basis and would therefore require much larger areas of cultivated land to have a similar benefit (Basiron 2009). Nevertheless, from climate-change and biodiversity perspectives, the advan-