New Middle Miocene Ape (Primates: Hylobatidae) from Ramnagar, India fills major gaps in the hominoid fossil record
New Middle Miocene Ape (Primates: Hylobatidae) from Ramnagar, India fills major gaps in the hominoid fossil record
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2020.1655
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发表时间：
2020-08
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. C. Gilbert-C.;A. Ortiz;Kelsey D. Pugh;Christopher J. Campisano;B. Patel;N. P. Singh;J. Fleagle;R. Pat
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文献类型：
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作者：
C. C. Gilbert-C.;A. Ortiz;Kelsey D. Pugh;Christopher J. Campisano;B. Patel;N. P. Singh;J. Fleagle;R. Pat
在东亚中新世晚期之前，几乎不存在“小型猿”（即长臂猿和合趾猿）的化石记录。然而，分子数据强烈且一致地表明，hylobatids应该存在于大约20 Ma;因此，在非洲的早期化石猿和中国最早的化石hylobatids之间存在很大的时间，地理和形态差距。在这里，我们描述了一个新的约12.5-13.8马化石猿从下西瓦利克的拉姆纳加尔，印度，填补了这些长期存在的差距与hylobatid起源的影响。这只猿代表了近世纪以来在拉姆纳加尔发现的第一个新的人科物种，也是30多年来第一个新的西瓦利克猿类分类群，很可能将长臂猿化石记录延长了大约500万年，为长臂猿的传播提供了与巨猿同时代的最小年龄。新物种中冠hylobatid臼齿特征的存在表明，在中新世中期，适应性转变为更食果的饮食，与其他提出的适应食果动物（如尿酸酶基因沉默）在这一时期以及一致。
The fossil record of ‘lesser apes’ (i.e. hylobatids = gibbons and siamangs) is virtually non-existent before the latest Miocene of East Asia. However, molecular data strongly and consistently suggest that hylobatids should be present by approximately 20 Ma; thus, there are large temporal, geographical, and morphological gaps between early fossil apes in Africa and the earliest fossil hylobatids in China. Here, we describe a new approximately 12.5–13.8 Ma fossil ape from the Lower Siwaliks of Ramnagar, India, that fills in these long-standing gaps with implications for hylobatid origins. This ape represents the first new hominoid species discovered at Ramnagar in nearly a century, the first new Siwalik ape taxon in more than 30 years, and likely extends the hylobatid fossil record by approximately 5 Myr, providing a minimum age for hylobatid dispersal coeval to that of great apes. The presence of crown hylobatid molar features in the new species indicates an adaptive shift to a more frugivorous diet during the Middle Miocene, consistent with other proposed adaptations to frugivory (e.g. uricase gene silencing) during this time period as well.