*UBER FIXATIONSBREITE UND FIXATIONSFREQUENZ BEIM LESEN GERICHTETER KONTUREN
*UBER FIXATIONSBREITE UND FIXATIONSFREQUENZ BEIM LESEN GERICHTETER KONTUREN
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00363531
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发表时间：
1953-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
AULHORN, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
AULHORN, E
使用特殊的图像对称字符组成了6种不同的文本，其中字母相对于线条的位置以30[度]的步长从0[度]变为150[度]。这些文本是从一个桌子上阅读，可以翻转360度。这样，就可以研究字母和行的单独或组合旋转对阅读速度的影响。这个速度被证明是等于产品的固定宽度和固定频率。总共36个expt。在6个主题上进行了。通过观察受试者的眼睛来计数阅读测试期间的注视次数。读取场的照明保持恒定（510 apostilb）。结果表明，一侧的线位置与另一侧的注视宽度、注视频率和阅读速度呈180度对称关系，而字母位置与这些量呈90度对称关系。由文本长度与阅读过程中注视次数之商计算出的注视宽度是决定阅读速度的主要因素。阅读速度的提高主要是通过减少注视宽度来实现的。根据测试计算的注视宽度，以阅读方向（=线旋转角度）为子午线，以属于这些方向的注视宽度为直径，绘制了每个单独的字母旋转角度的“阅读视野”。这些视野的形式随着所呈现的字母的位置而变化。由此可以得出结论，相同的视网膜区域受到不同字母位置的不同刺激，因此视网膜不是负责感知和识别轮廓的唯一结构。
Using special image-symmetrical characters 6 different texts have been composed, in which the position of the letters with respect to the lines has been turned from 0[degree] to 150[degree] in steps of 30[degree]. These texts are to be read from a desk, which can be turned over 360[degree]. In this way it is possible to study the influence of separate or combined rotation of the letters and the lines on the velocity of reading. This velocity is shown to equal the product of fixation-width and fixation frequency. A total 36 expts. has been carried out on 6 subjects. The number of fixations during a reading test is counted by observing the eye of the subject. The illumination of the reading-field is kept constant (510 apostilb). Results show a 180[degree]-symmetrical relationship between line-position on the one side and fixation width, fixation-frequency and reading -velocity on the other side, and a 90[degree] -symmetrical relationship between letter-position and the same quantities. The fixation-width, as calculated from the quotient of length of the text and total number of fixations during reading the text, is shown to be the principal factor which determines reading-velocity. Practice quickens the reading-velocity mainly by decreasing the fixation-width. From the fixation widths calculated from the tests, "reading visual fields" have been drawn for each separate angle of letter-rotation, using the directions of reading (=angles of line-rotation) as meridians and the fixation-widths belonging to these directions as diams. The form of these visual fields varies with the position of the presented letters. From this it is concluded, that the same retinal area is differently stimulated with different letter-position, so that the retina is not the only structure which is to be held responsible for the perception and recognition of the contours.