Factors determining the most efficient spray distribution for marine cloud brightening
Factors determining the most efficient spray distribution for marine cloud brightening
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DOI：
10.1098/rsta.2014.0056
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发表时间：
2014-12-28
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Tsiamis, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Connolly, P. J.;McFiggans, G. B.;Tsiamis, A.
我们调查的敏感性海洋云增亮的属性添加的盐粒子分布使用云包裹模型，目的是解决的问题，“什么是最有效的粒子尺寸分布，将产生所需的冷却效果？“我们研究了改变气溶胶粒径分布对液滴激活和生长的影响，即单独的Twomey效应，并且不考虑可能增强或减轻Twomey效应的宏观物理云响应。对于所考虑的所有四种喷雾产生方法，瑞利射流;泰勒锥射流;超临界流体;和超临界喷雾，中值干直径范围D-m = 30-100 nm内的盐颗粒是最有效的尺寸范围。Rayleigh射流方法也是总体上最节能的方法。我们还发现，使用液滴激活参数化时需要注意：对于所考虑的浓度，艾特肯颗粒不会导致总悬浮物的减少，如在最近的一项研究中发现的那样，并且这样的发现可能是参数化无法模拟溶胀气溶胶颗粒的效果的结果。我们的研究结果表明，间隙气溶胶粒子在控制的云，而不仅仅是激活的云滴，这是一个参数化方法不考虑的效果发挥作用。(C)2014作者由皇家学会根据知识共享署名许可证http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/的条款发布，该许可证允许不受限制地使用，前提是原作者和来源被记入贷方。
We investigate the sensitivity of marine cloud brightening to the properties of the added salt particle distribution using a cloud parcel model, with an aim to address the question of, 'what is the most efficient particle size distribution that will produce a desired cooling effect?' We examine the effect that altering the aerosol particle size distribution has on the activation and growth of drops, i.e. the Twomey effect alone, and do not consider macrophysical cloud responses that may enhance or mitigate the Twomey effect. For all four spray generation methods considered, Rayleigh jet; Taylor cone jet; supercritical fluid; and effervescent spray, salt particles within the median dry diameter range D-m = 30-100 nm are the most effective range of sizes. The Rayleigh jet method is also the most energy efficient overall. We also find that care needs to be taken when using droplet activation parametrizations: for the concentrations considered, Aitken particles do not result in a decrease in the total albedo, as was found in a recent study, and such findings are likely to be a result of the parametrizations' inability to simulate the effect of swollen aerosol particles. Our findings suggest that interstitial aerosol particles play a role in controlling the albedo rather than just the activated cloud drops, which is an effect that the parametrization methods do not consider. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.