Ontology Matching
Ontology Matching
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-38721-0
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发表时间：
2007-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Euzenat;P. Shvaiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Euzenat;P. Shvaiko
本体通常提供描述感兴趣的领域的词汇表和该词汇表中的术语的含义的规范。根据本规范的精确性，本体的概念包括几个数据或概念模型，例如分类，数据库模式，完全公理化的理论。本体论倾向于无处不在。它们被视为许多应用程序的银，如数据库集成，对等系统，电子商务，语义Web服务，社交网络（Fensel 2004）。事实上，它们是一种将计算机格式表达的内容概念化的实用方法（Brodie et al. 1984; Guarino 2009）。然而，在开放或不断发展的系统中，如语义网，不同的当事人一般会采用不同的本体。因此，仅仅使用本体，就像使用XML一样，并不能减少异构性：它将异构性问题提高到了一个更高的水平。例如，假设有两个组织在处理书籍：一个是文化产品电子商务网站（销售书籍、音乐、电影等），另一个是电子商务网站。另一个是大学图书馆。这两个组织都处理一些相关的产品，即书籍，但关注的是这些产品的不同方面：卖方关注的是利润率、出版商或装订类型;而图书馆则更关注主题、大小和出版年份。两者都是价格和作者所关注的。然而，他们可能会考虑这些不同的，因为价格可以包括或不包括税和运费，并以不同的货币表示，或者因为作者可以由单个对象或他们的名字的字符串表示。此外，卖方可以根据其商业类型和图书馆根据其文学类型来组织书籍。总之，这两个组织显然将具有不同且异构的本体。图书销售商和图书馆可能必须进行互动，例如，因为后者希望向前者订购图书，或者因为前者希望将后者的收藏数字化。为了无缝地做到这一点，他们需要找到各自本体中实体之间的对应关系。这种对应关系可以表示，在卖方的本体论中所谓的书代表在图书馆的本体论中所谓的卷。此外，卖方本体中的价格应该乘以税率，以获得对应的价格。
An ontology typically provides a vocabulary describing a domain of interest and a specification of the meaning of terms in that vocabulary. Depending on the precision of this specification, the notion of ontology encompasses several data or conceptual models, eg, classifications, database schemas, fully axiomatised theories. Ontologies tend to be everywhere. They are viewed as the silver bullet for many applications, such as database integration, peer-to-peer systems, e-commerce, semantic web services, social networks (Fensel 2004). They are, indeed, a practical means to conceptualise what is expressed in a computer format (Brodie et al. 1984; Guarino 2009). However, in open or evolving systems, such as the semantic web, different parties would, in general, adopt different ontologies. Thus, merely using ontologies, like using XML, does not reduce heterogeneity: it raises heterogeneity problems to a higher level.For instance, imagine two organisations dealing with books: one is a cultural product electronic commerce site (which sells books, music, movies, etc.) and the other is a university library. Both organisations deal with some related products, the books, but are concerned with different aspects of these: the seller is concerned by the margin, the publisher or the type of binding; the library, in turn, pays more attention to the topic, the size and the year of publication. Both are concerned by the price and the author. Yet they may consider these differently, because the price can include tax and shipping fees or not and being expressed in different currencies or because the authors can be denoted by individual objects or by the character string of their names. Moreover, the seller may organise books according to their commercial types and the library according to their literary types. In summary, these two organisations will obviously have different and heterogeneous ontologies. The book seller and the library may have to interact, for example, because the latter wants to order books to the former or because the former wants to digitise the collections of the latter. In order to do so seamlessly, they need to find the correspondences between the entities in their respective ontologies. The correspondences may express that what is called a book in the ontology of the seller stands for what is called a volume in that of the library. Furthermore, the price in the seller ontology should be multiplied by a tax rate for obtaining the corresponding price in the