Wage inequality and education choices in Latin America : a general equilibrium approach.
Wage inequality and education choices in Latin America : a general equilibrium approach.
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拉丁美洲的工资不平等和教育选择：一般均衡方法。
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Binelli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Binelli
在1990年代的十年里，拉丁美洲的就学回报变得凸起：高等教育的回报增加，而中等教育的回报下降。收益的双重变化是由中级公司平均工资的显著下降推动的，该水平低于1980年代末的水平。这种凸性对工资不平等的演变具有重要影响。然而，还没有一项实证研究开发出一个框架来研究其决定因素。本文提供了一个这样的框架。建立并模拟了信贷约束和不可保风险下储蓄和教育选择的动态一般均衡模型，其中能力是个人收入的重要组成部分。我使用来自墨西哥的微观数据估计了模型的参数。我指定了一个生产函数，允许中级教育和高等教育之间的互补。我发现，中等教育与高等教育比基础教育更具互补性。模拟表明，这种凸性并不是高能力个人进入高等教育的自我选择过程的结果，而是由于教育供给的变化而导致的教育价格的变化。工资从线性到凸性的变化可以用中等教育相对供应量的增加来解释，这是因为技术的变化增加了生产中对熟练劳动力的需求。中级教育和高等教育之间的互补性是高等教育和中级教育收益双重变化的主要决定因素，而信贷约束的程度决定了中级教育供给增加的程度，从而决定了这一水平上价格下降的幅度。该模型能够再现1990年代墨西哥中等和高等教育回报率变化的主要特征。
In the decade of the 1990s returns to schooling in Latin America became convex: the returns to Higher Education increased and the returns to Intermediate Education decreased. The double change in the returns was driven by a signicant drop in the mean wage at Intermediate that fell below the level at the end of the1980s. The convexication has important implications for the evolution of wage inequality. Yet, no empirical study has developed a framework within which to study its determinants. This paper provides such a framework. I develop and simulate a dynamic general equilibrium model of savings and educational choices under credit constraints and uninsurable risk, in which ability is an important component of individuals earnings. I estimate the parameters of the model using micro data from Mexico. I specify a production function that allows for complementarities between Intermediate and Higher Education. I nd that Intermediate Education is more complementary with Higher than with Basic Education. The simulations show that the convexication was not the result of a self-selection process of high ability individuals into Higher Education, but rather came about through changes in the prices of schooling due to changes in its supply. The change of the wage prole from linear to convex can be explained by an increase in the relative supply of Intermediate Education in response to a change in technology that increased the demand for skilled labour in production. The complementarity between Intermediate and Higher Education is the main determinant of the double change in the returns to Higher and to Intermediate Education, while the level of the credit constraints determines the extent of the supply increase at Intermediate and therefore the size of the decline in the price at this level. The model is able to reproduce the main features characterizing the changes in the returns to Intermediate and Higher Education in Mexico in the 1990s.