Persistent Organic Pollutants Residues in Human Breast Milk from Bathinda and Ludhiana Districts of Punjab, India
Persistent Organic Pollutants Residues in Human Breast Milk from Bathinda and Ludhiana Districts of Punjab, India
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DOI：
10.1007/s00244-018-0512-3
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Arora, Kamal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bawa, P.;Bedi, J. S.;Arora, Kamal
在本研究中，对从旁遮普邦（印度）两个地区收集的母乳样本中估计了持久性有机污染物（POP），包括多氯联苯（PCB）和有机氯农药的六种同系物。巴廷达地区的持久性有机污染物残留平均浓度（多氯联苯：33.7；滴滴涕：519.2；六氯环己烷：46.6 ng g(-1)脂质重量）高于卢迪亚纳（多氯联苯：24.2；滴滴涕；415.3；六氯环己烷；35.5 ng g(-1)脂质重量）。初产妇的 PCB 和 DDT 含量较高，而经产妇的 HCH 残留水平较高。对通过母乳接触持久性有机污染物的风险分析表明，一些婴儿的每日摄入量接近或高于每日可耐受摄入量，从而产生有害影响，这可能会引起健康问题。对现有数据的比较评估表明，印度旁遮普省母乳中的滴滴涕和六氯环己烷残留水平属于发展中国家报告的最低值之一。用于估计 DDT 和 HCH 半衰期的稳态条件下的一级动力学反应表明，DDT 水平已从 18,211 ng g(-1) 脂质重量下降至 490 ng g(-1)。 15 年的半衰期 (Tdec(1/2)) 为 3.25 年。同样，在此期间，六氯环己烷水平从 8609 降至 46.6 ng g(-1)，Tdec(1/2) 为 2.25 年。由于一些婴儿仍然面临风险，因此需要对母乳中的持久性有机污染物进行持续监测，以监测和解释时间趋势，并与农业法规的严格执行联系起来。
In the present study, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including six congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides, were estimated in human breast milk samples collected from two districts of Punjab (India). The mean concentrations of POP residues were recorded higher in Bathinda district (PCBs: 33.7; DDTs: 519.2; HCHs: 46.6 ng g(-1) lipid wt.) than Ludhiana (PCBs: 24.2; DDTs; 415.3; HCHs; 35.5 ng g(-1) lipid wt.). Levels of PCBs and DDTs were observed higher in primiparas, whereas HCHs residues were seen more in multiparas. Risk analysis to POPs exposure through breast milk reflected that the daily intake for some infants was close to or above the tolerable daily intake limit for detrimental effects, which may raise a health concern. Comparative evaluation of present data indicated that DDT and HCHs residue levels in human breast milk from Punjab, India were among the lowest values reported for developing countries. The first-order kinetic reaction at a steady-state condition used to estimate the half-life of DDT and HCH suggested that DDT levels have declined from 18,211 to 490 ng g(-1) lipid wt. with a half-life (Tdec(1/2)) of 3.25 years over a span of 15 years. Similarly, HCH levels have decreased from 8609 to 46.6 ng g(-1) in this duration with Tdec(1/2) of 2.25 years. Because some infants are still at risk, continuous monitoring of POPs in human milk is needed for surveillance and interpretation of time trends and for linkage to strict enforcement of agricultural regulations.