Control of Communicable Diseases Manual
Control of Communicable Diseases Manual
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DOI：
10.2105/ccdm.2745
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Chin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Chin
1.鉴别-一种急性细菌性疾病，通常累及皮肤，但很少累及口咽、纵隔或肠道。在皮肤炭疽病中，首先发生暴露的皮肤表面的瘙痒，然后是变成丘疹的损伤，然后是水泡，并在2-6天内发展成凹陷的黑色焦痂。焦痂通常被中度至重度和非常广泛的水肿包围，有时伴有小的次级囊泡。疼痛是不寻常的，如果存在，是由于水肿或继发感染。头部、前臂和手部是常见的感染部位。这种病变常与人类的羊口疮相混淆（参见羊口疮病毒病）。未经治疗的感染可能会扩散到局部淋巴结和血液中，导致严重的败血症。脑膜可能会受累。未经治疗的皮肤炭疽病的致死率在5%到20%之间，但在有效的抗生素治疗下，很少发生死亡。即使在开始抗生素治疗后，病变也会发生典型的局部变化。
1. Identification—An acute bacterial disease that usually affects the skin, but which may very rarely involve the oropharynx, mediastinum or intestinal tract. In cutaneous anthrax, itching of an exposed skin surface occurs first, followed by a lesion that becomes papular, then vesicular and in 2-6 days develops into a depressed black eschar. The eschar is usually surrounded by moderate to severe and very extensive edema, sometimes with small secondary vesicles. Pain is unusual and, if present, is due to edema or secondary infection. The head, forearms and hands are common sites of infection. The lesion has been confused with human orf (see Orf virus disease). Untreated infections may spread to regional lymph nodes and to the bloodstream with an overwhelming septicemia. The meninges can become involved. Untreated cutaneous anthrax has a casefatality rate between 5% and 20%, but with effective antibiotic therapy, few deaths occur. The lesion evolves through typical local changes even after the initiation of antibiotic therapy.