Maintenance tendency in co-ordinated rhythmic movements: Relative fluctuations and phase
Maintenance tendency in co-ordinated rhythmic movements: Relative fluctuations and phase
复制标题
协调节奏运动的维持趋势：相对波动和阶段
DOI：
10.1016/0306-4522(88)90238-2
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
M. Turvey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Rosenblum;M. Turvey;M. Turvey
从振荡行为的证据鱼鳍和小龙虾swimmeret系统表明，当地的节奏模式发电机保存其特征属性的各种运动协调，他们参与。冯·霍尔斯特称之为“保持趋势”，在一项实验中，人类受试者通过手腕的运动摆动不同质量和长度的手持哑铃。在实验中（包括六个会议，21个月以上，与相同的三个主题）的背景下，为维护的趋势是稳态绝对协调：两个节奏单位振荡在一个单一的，共同的周期和有界的相位关系。实验方法允许系统地控制（a）各个节奏单元的特征周期和（B）与这些周期的偏差。相对波动的周期性的时间和幅度是最少的时候，一个节奏单位的周期在绝对协调近似其特征周期和增加偏离的特征周期。对于特征周期两侧的偏差，时间波动的增加率大致相同;对于周期小于特征周期的范围，间距波动的增加率要大得多。两个绝对协调的韵律运动单元之间的相位关系取决于它们的特征周期之差。只有当特征周期相同时，才能达到180 °的预期相位关系。当特征周期不同时，偏离180 °的幅度随周期的不同而系统地增大。本文讨论了产生有节奏运动的弛豫与谐波动力学之间的关系，特别强调了弛豫振荡的谐波调谐。的相位结果进行了讨论，在绝对协调的非常多的稳定的相位关系是否反映的神经系统或在左，右肌肉系统的反应lavelance的差异引起的不同程度的惯性补偿。
Evidence from the oscillatory behavior fish fins and the crayfish swimmeret system suggests that local rhythmic-pattern generators preserve their characteristic properties over the various locomotory co-ordinations in which they participate. This maintenance tendency, as von Holst termed it, was investigated in an experiment in which human subjects swung, through motions at the wrists, hand-held pendulums of variable mass and length. In the experiment (comprising six sessions over 21 months with the same three subjects) the context for the maintenance tendency was steady-state absolute co-ordination: two rhythmic units oscillating at a single, common period and at a bounded phase relation. The experimental methodology permitted systematic control of (a) the characteristic periods of the individual rhythmic units and (b) the deviations from these periods. Relative fluctuations in periodic timing and amplitude were least when a rhythmic unit's period in absolute co-ordination approximated its characteristic period and increased with departures from the characteristic period. Rates of increase in timing fluctuations were approximately the same for deviations on either side of the characteristic period; the rate of increase in spacing fluctuations was substantially greater for the range in which periods were less than the characteristic period. The phase relation between two co-ordinated rhythmic movement units in absolute co-ordination depended on the difference between their characteristic periods. The intended phase relation of 180 was attained only when the characteristic periods were identical. When the characteristic periods differed, the departure from 180 increased systematically with the difference.The fluctuation results are discussed in terms of the relation between relaxation and harmonic dynamics in producing rhythmic movements, with particular emphasis on the harmonic tuning of relaxation oscillations. The phase results are discussed in terms of whether or not the very many stable phase relations in absolute co-ordination are reflective of the nervous system or of differences in response latencies in left and right muscle systems induced by different degrees of inertial compensation.