Strategies, actions, and policies by Taiwan’s ENGOs, media, and government to reduce plastic use and marine plastic pollution
Strategies, actions, and policies by Taiwan’s ENGOs, media, and government to reduce plastic use and marine plastic pollution
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台湾环保非政府组织、媒体和政府为减少塑料使用和海洋塑料污染而采取的战略、行动和政策
DOI：
10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104391
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Chieh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Walther;N. Yen;Chieh
塑料污染已成为日益严重的环境威胁，需要开发缓解塑料污染的方法。由于台湾出台了多项减少塑料使用和污染的政策，我们在此回顾台湾利益相关者为减少塑料使用和污染而采取的策略、行动和政策。这些信息是通过文献综述和专家知识获得的。我们首先提供一些台湾近几十年来环境问题发展的历史背景。然后，我们回顾了台湾过去三届政府期间各利益相关者（环境非政府组织、媒体、政府和工业界）对塑料污染问题的主要贡献。在 2000 年至 2008 年的政府阶段，环境非政府组织学习了清理、监测和外展方法，用于提高公众意识。 2008-2016 年政府阶段的特点是环境非政府组织学习更多科学方法并增加公众宣传。媒体开始报道这个问题，而政府却没有什么回应。当前政府阶段的特点是持续的环境非政府组织活动和媒体兴趣的突然爆发；与此同时，政府采取了更加积极主动的态度，最终制定了一项雄心勃勃、史无前例且范围广泛的十年行动计划，该计划应大力推进源头减少和塑料废物清除、科学监测和研究以及公众宣传。由于环境非政府组织长期努力影响其他利益相关者，台湾已成为解决塑料污染问题的相对成功的范例，这可能会激发其他政府以台湾为蓝本更加协调一致的努力。
Plastic pollution has become an increasing environmental threat, and means to mitigate it need to be developed. Since Taiwan has introduced numerous policies to reduce plastic use and pollution, we here review the strategies, actions, and policies by Taiwan’s stakeholders to reduce plastic use and pollution. The information was obtained through a literature review and expert knowledge. We first provide some historical background about the development of environmental issues in Taiwan over the last few decades. We then review the main contributions of each stakeholder (ENGOs, media, government, and industry) to the plastic pollution problem during Taiwan’s last three national governments. During the 2000–2008 government phase, ENGOs learned cleanup, monitoring, and outreach methods which they used to raise public awareness. The 2008–2016 government phase was characterized by ENGOs learning more scientific methods and increasing public outreach. The media began to report on this issue, while the government drifted with few responses. The current government phase has been characterized by continued ENGO activities and a sudden explosion of media interest; this coincided with a much more active and positive government approach which culminated in an ambitious, unprecedented, and wide-ranging 10-year Action Plan which should greatly advance source reduction and removal of plastic waste, scientific monitoring and research, and public outreach. Due to the long-time efforts by ENGOs to influence other stakeholders, Taiwan has become a relatively successful example of how to tackle the plastic pollution problem which may inspire a more concerted effort by other governments using Taiwan as a blueprint.