Luke Howard and The Climate of London
Luke Howard and The Climate of London
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作者：
G. Mills
国际城市气候协会（IAUC）最近重新出版了卢克·霍华德的《伦敦气候》。虽然霍华德因其在云方面的研究而闻名（例如 Hamblyn，2001 年；Pedgley，2003 年），但他也是第一个认识到城市地区对当地气候影响的人。尽管《伦敦气候》主要关注的是从伦敦的角度来看的总体天气和气候，但他对温度记录的分析使他能够比其他人早数十年探测、描述和分析城市热岛现象。因此，IAUC 对城市气候学领域成就的最高认可是卢克·霍华德奖。为了纪念该奖项的启动，IAUC 承诺重新出版第二版《伦敦气候》（1833 年），该书共三卷，是一本经常被引用但很少被访问的稀有书籍（Howard，2007）。在本文中，我尽力描述伦敦的气候及其重要性。我特别关注霍华德对城市热岛现象的分析，并将其置于现代城市气候学的背景下。霍华德 1772 年出生于伦敦一个贵格会家庭。尽管他接受过药剂师培训，但他对气候和天气有着浓厚的兴趣，他在《伦敦气候》中向其他人提倡这项研究，认为这是一项值得追求的研究：
The International Association for Urban Climate (IAUC) has recently re-published Luke Howard’s The Climate of London. While Howard is best known for his work on clouds (e.g. Hamblyn, 2001; Pedgley, 2003), he was also the first to recognize the effect that urban areas have on local climate. Although The Climate of London is largely concerned with the weather and climate in general as seen from the vantage point of London, his analysis of temperature records allowed him to detect, describe and analyze the urban heat island phenomenon many decades before others. For this reason, the IAUC’s highest recognition for achievement in the field of urban climatology is the Luke Howard Award. To mark the initiation of the award, the IAUC undertook to republish the second edition of The Climate of London (1833), which consists of three volumes and is a rare book, often cited but rarely accessed (Howard, 2007). In this article, I endeavour to describe The Climate of London and its importance. In particular, I focus on Howard’s analysis of the urban heat-island phenomenon and place it within the context of modern urban climatology. Howard was born in London in 1772 into a Quaker household. Although he trained as a pharmacist, he had a passionate interest in climate and weather, a study that he advocates to others in The Climate of London as a worthwhile pursuit: