Exceptional vertebrate biotas from the Triassic of China, and the expansion of marine ecosystems after the Permo-Triassic mass extinction
Exceptional vertebrate biotas from the Triassic of China, and the expansion of marine ecosystems after the Permo-Triassic mass extinction
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中国三叠纪的特殊脊椎动物群以及二叠纪-三叠纪大灭绝后海洋生态系统的扩张
DOI：
10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.05.014
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
12.1
通讯作者：
Choo, Brian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benton, Michael J.;Zhang, Qiyue;Choo, Brian
三叠纪是一个动荡的时期，因为生命从2.52亿年前最具破坏性的大规模灭绝中恢复过来。中国西南地区三叠纪海相岩石序列通过大冶组、关岭组、竹杆坡组和小洼组一系列年代久远、保存异常完好的化石组合，为海洋生物的恢复提供了独特的证据。新的工作表明，鱼类和爬行动物区系的丰富性，以及脊椎动物区系的恢复被恶劣的环境条件所推迟，然后在阿尼西亚迅速发生。重点鱼类和爬行动物区系来自滇东黔西有限的区域，可参照共有的地层单位进行定年，并可重建其古环境。根据牙形刺和放射性年龄测定，罗平和盘县的双锥均来自关岭组，但前者略早于后者。兴义生物群来自竹竿坡组，时代为拉丁期或卡尼期早期;关岭生物群来自上覆的小洼组，时代为卡尼期。前三种生物主要分布在海岸附近的局限性盆地中，包括广泛的底栖生物和洞穴沉积物。此外，即使罗平和盘县双化石时代相似，它们的动物群也有很大差异，这可能反映了古地理上孤立的盆地。在兴义和关岭双壳类之间，有一次大的海侵，关岭生物群的特征与其他三个生物群完全不同，主要是浮游形式，如附着在原木上的大型漂浮海百合，非常大的鱼龙和海龙，以及伪浮游双壳类，没有底栖动物，也没有洞穴。鱼类和海洋爬行动物的系统发育研究表明，在早三叠世早期，20个actinopterygian谱系之间出现了明显的爆炸性多样化，但后来在Olenekian晚期和Anisian早期，海洋爬行动物群扩大了。这种抵消多样化模式相匹配的比较饲养公会类别和身体大小的数据。新的研究工具将为三叠纪主要脊椎动物恢复的系统发育和生态学意义提供相当大的启示。(C)2013 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
The Triassic was a time of turmoil, as life recovered from the most devastating of all mass extinctions, the Permo-Triassic event 252 million years ago. The Triassic marine rock succession of southwest China provides unique documentation of the recovery of marine life through a series of well dated, exceptionally preserved fossil assemblages in the Daye, Guanling, Zhuganpo, and Xiaowa formations. New work shows the richness of the faunas of fishes and reptiles, and that recovery of vertebrate faunas was delayed by harsh environmental conditions and then occurred rapidly in the Anisian. The key faunas of fishes and reptiles come from a limited area in eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou provinces, and these may be dated relative to shared stratigraphic units, and their palaeoenvironments reconstructed. The Luoping and Panxian biotas, both from the Guanling Formation, are dated as Anisian (Pelsonian) on the basis of conodonts and radiometric dates, the former being slightly older than the latter. The Xingyi biota is from the Zhuganpo Formation, and is Ladinian or early Carnian, while the Guanling biota is from the overlying Xiaowa Formation, dated as Carnian. The first three biotas include extensive benthos and burrowing in the sediments, and they were located in restricted basins close to shore. Further, even though the Luoping and Panxian biotas are of similar age, their faunas differ significantly, reflecting perhaps palaeogeographically isolated basins. Between the time of the Xingyi and Guanling biotas, there was a major transgression, and the Guanling biota is entirely different in character from the other three, being dominated by pelagic forms such as large floating crinoids attached to logs, very large ichthyosaurs and thalattosaurs, and pseudoplanktonic bivalves, with no benthos and no burrowing. Phylogenetic study of the fishes and marine reptiles shows apparently explosive diversification among 20 actinopterygian lineages very early in the Early Triassic, but a later expansion of marine reptile groups, in the late Olenekian and early Anisian. This offset in diversification patterns is matched by comparisons of feeding guild categories and body size data. New research tools will shed considerable light on the phylogenetic and ecological implications of recovery of mairne vertebrates in the Triassic. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.