Designing for psychological change: individuals' reward and cost valuations in weight management.
Designing for psychological change: individuals' reward and cost valuations in weight management.
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心理变化设计：体重管理中个人的奖励和成本评估。
DOI：
10.2196/jmir.3009
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发表时间：
2014-06-26
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Blandford A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hsu A;Blandford A
了解行为背后的心理构造为说服系统的设计提供了宝贵的机会。我们使用决策理论，它描述了行为是如何被奖励-成本评估所支撑的，作为研究这种心理结构的框架，以提供体重管理技术的设计目标。我们在体重管理领域应用了基于决策理论的分析，以了解围绕个人体重管理行为的回报和成本，目的是发现体重管理技术的设计机会。我们对15名正在或曾经尝试减肥的参与者进行了定性访谈。主题分析用于提取涵盖围绕体重管理行为的奖励和成本的主题。我们对100名受访者进行了定量调查，调查他们在多大程度上同意反映定性研究主题的陈述，以此来补充定性研究。体重管理的主要障碍是与不健康选择相关的奖励，比如不健康食品的乐趣和在社交场合不受限制的消费，以及改变习惯、计划和锻炼所需的巨大努力。支持积极体重管理的心理结构包括在做出健康选择后感觉良好，对自己好，体验健康但仍然美味的食物，以及接受社会支持和鼓励信息（尽管关于鼓励信息的意见不一）。一项奖励成本驱动的调查揭示了广泛的心理结构，这些结构有助于阻止和支持体重管理。从我们的定性研究中提取的构念得到了定量调查的验证，在定量调查中，大多数受访者也报告了类似的想法和感受。这种对体重管理的回报和成本的理解为设计体重管理技术提供了一系列新的机会，这些技术可以增强鼓励因素，减轻令人沮丧的因素。
Knowledge of the psychological constructs that underlie behavior offers valuable design opportunities for persuasive systems. We use the decision theory, which describes how behavior is underpinned by reward-cost valuations, as a framework for investigating such psychological constructs to deliver design objectives for weight management technologies. We applied a decision theory–based analysis in the domain of weight management to understand the rewards and costs that surround individuals’ weight management behaviors, with the aim of uncovering design opportunities for weight management technologies. We conducted qualitative interviews with 15 participants who were or had been trying to lose weight. Thematic analysis was used to extract themes that covered the rewards and costs surrounding weight management behaviors. We supplemented our qualitative study with a quantitative survey of 100 respondents investigating the extent to which they agreed with statements reflecting themes from the qualitative study. The primary obstacles to weight management were the rewards associated with unhealthy choices, such as the pleasures of unhealthy foods and unrestricted consumption in social situations, and the significant efforts required to change habits, plan, and exercise. Psychological constructs that supported positive weight management included feeling good after making healthy choices, being good to oneself, experiencing healthy yet still delicious foods, and receiving social support and encouraging messages (although opinions about encouraging messages was mixed). A rewards-costs driven enquiry revealed a wide range of psychological constructs that contribute to discouraging and supporting weight management. The constructs extracted from our qualitative study were verified by our quantitative survey, in which the majority of respondents also reported similar thoughts and feelings. This understanding of the rewards and costs surrounding weight management offers a range of new opportunities for the design of weight management technologies that enhance the encouraging factors and alleviate the discouraging ones.