A comprehensive examination of own- and cross-price elasticities of tobacco and nicotine replacement products in the US
A comprehensive examination of own- and cross-price elasticities of tobacco and nicotine replacement products in the US
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.04.024
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Chaloupka, Frank J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Huang, Jidong;Gwarnicki, Cezary;Chaloupka, Frank J.
尽管人们对卷烟的需求了解很多，但对非卷烟烟草产品的需求以及这些产品之间的交叉价格影响的研究却很有限。本研究旨在全面考察美国烟草和尼古丁替代产品 (NRP) 需求的自身价格弹性和跨价格弹性。我们分析了 2007 年至 2014 年 15 种不同类型烟草产品和 NRP 的销售和价格的市场季度数据，这些数据是根据零售店扫描仪数据编制的。使用带有控制的固定效应模型来估计卷烟与其他 14 种产品之间的自身价格弹性和交叉价格弹性。我们的结果表明，除雪茄外，可燃烟草产品的需求总体上是有弹性的，估计的自身价格弹性> 1（价格上涨10％使销量减少> 10％）。无烟烟草产品的自身价格弹性小于可燃烟草产品的自身价格弹性，尽管并不总是显着。研究发现，电子烟和 NRP 的需求具有弹性。对于小雪茄、小雪茄、散装烟草、烟丝、电子烟和 NRP，卷烟的交叉价格弹性为正，但只有小雪茄、散装烟草、烟丝和可溶解含片的结果始终显着。我们的研究结果表明，对烟草产品和 NRP 的需求对其自身价格的变化做出反应。卷烟和某些其他产品之间存在替代或积极的交叉价格影响。烟草控制政策必须考虑烟草产品和 NRT 之间的自身价格影响和交叉价格影响。
While much is known about the demand for cigarettes, research on the demand for non-cigarette tobacco products and the cross-price impacts among those products is limited. This study aims to comprehensively examine the own-and cross-price elasticities of demand for tobacco and nicotine replacement products (NRPs) in the U.S. We analyzed market-level quarterly data on sales and prices of 15 different types of tobacco products and NRPs from 2007 to 2014, compiled from retail store scanner data. Fixed effects models with controls were used to estimate their own-price elasticities and cross-price elasticities between cigarettes and the other 14 products. Our results show that, except for cigars, the demand for combustible tobacco products was generally elastic, with the estimated own-price elasticity > 1 (10% increase in prices reduces sales by > 10%). The own-price elasticities for smokeless tobacco products were smaller than those for combustible tobacco, although not always significant. The demand for electronic cigarettes and NRPs was found to be elastic. The cross-price elasticities with respect to cigarettes were positive for cigarillos, little cigars, loose tobacco, pipe tobacco, electronic cigarettes and NRPs, but only results for little cigars, loose tobacco, pipe tobacco, and dissolvable lozenges were consistently significant. Our findings suggest demand for tobacco products and NRPs was responsive to changes in their own prices. Substitutions or positive cross-price impacts between cigarettes and certain other products exist. It is important that tobacco control policies take into account both own-and cross-price impacts among tobacco products and NRTs.