High Participation Systems of Higher Education
High Participation Systems of Higher Education
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DOI：
10.1080/00221546.2016.11777401
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发表时间：
2016-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Marginson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Marginson
全世界的高等教育水平正在迅速提高。在几乎所有人均国内生产总值每年超过约5，000美元的国家，参与率都有增长的长期趋势。全球高等教育总入学率（GTER）从1972年的10%上升到2012年的32%，现在每年上升1%。到2012年，54个国家系统的GTER达到50%，而20年前只有5个系统，有14个国家的GTER达到75%或以上。在经济增长率、教育体系结构和融资安排差异很大但都有城市化趋势的国家，普遍存在高参与度体系的趋势。可能的原因包括国家政策、经济发展、对社会地位的渴望、文凭主义、全球因素以及这些因素的组合。本文描述了HPS的趋势，探讨了可能的解释，并开始反思其含义;回顾了之前关于参与增长的讨论，包括Trow（1974），Schallow和Meyer（2005）和Baker（2011）。报告最后提出了进一步调查的建议。
The world is rapidly becoming more educated at higher education level. In nearly all countries with per capita GDP of more than about $5,000 per annum there is a longterm tendency to growth of participation. The worldwide Gross Tertiary Enrollment Ratio (GTER) increased from 10% in 1972 to 32% in 2012, and is now rising by 1% a year. By 2012 the GTER had reached 50% in 54 national systems, compared to 5 systems twenty years before, and there were 14 countries with a GTER of 75% or more. The tendency to high participation systems (HPS) is common to countries that vary widely in rates of economic growth, education system structures, and financing arrangements, but share the tendency to urbanization. Possible causes include state policies, economic development, aspirations for social position, credentialism, global factors, and combinations of these. The paper describes the tendency to HPS, explores the possible explanations, and begins to reflect on the implications; on the way reviewing prior discussions of growth in participation including Trow (1974), Schofer and Meyer (2005), and Baker (2011). It closes with suggestions for further investigation.