On the self-serving function of an academic wooden leg: test anxiety as a self-handicapping strategy.
On the self-serving function of an academic wooden leg: test anxiety as a self-handicapping strategy.
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论学术木腿的自私功能：考试焦虑作为一种自我设限策略。
DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.42.2.314
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发表时间：
1982
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
M. Handelsman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. W. Smith;C. R. Snyder;M. Handelsman
本研究调查了这样一个假设：心理症状可能通过为评估情况的潜在失败提供另一种解释来发挥自我保护功能。据推测，高度考试焦虑的受试者会以反映症状策略性表现的模式报告焦虑症状。更具体地说，据预测，当焦虑是智力测试中表现不佳的可行解释时，报告的焦虑应该较高；而当焦虑不是表现不佳的可行解释时，报告的焦虑应该较低。对自我报告的焦虑状态测量的分析支持了这些预测。进一步的分析表明，当焦虑不能解释考试成绩不佳时，高度考试焦虑的受试者会报告减少努力作为替代的自我保护策略。这些结果根据作为自我保护策略的传统症状模型、当前症状的社会心理模型以及关于考试焦虑的性质和治疗的最新理论和研究进行了讨论。
The present study investigated the hypothesis that psychological symptoms may serve a self-protective function by providing an alternative explanation for potential failure in evaluating situations. It was hypothesized that highly test-anxious subjects would report anxiety symptoms in a pattern that reflected strategic presentation of symptoms; more specifically, it was predicted that greater reported anxiety should result when anxiety was a viable explanation for poor performance on an intelligence test and that lower reported anxiety should result when anxiety was not a viable explanation for poor performance. Analysis of state measures of self-reported anxiety supported these predictions. Further analysis indicated that when anxiety was not a viable explanation for poor test performance, high test-anxiety subjects reported reduced effort as an alternative self-protective strategy. These results are discussed in terms of traditional models of symptoms as self-protective strategies, current social psychological models of symptoms, and in reference to recent theory and research about the nature and treatment of test anxiety.