Staying the course in Mexico: the role of the US in the drug war, 2006-present
Staying the course in Mexico: the role of the US in the drug war, 2006-present
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DOI：
10.1080/01436597.2019.1574562
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发表时间：
2019-06-03
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Hunt, Edward
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hunt, Edward
随着墨西哥与毒品相关的暴力事件达到创纪录的水平，人们对其原因的争论也越来越激烈。美国和墨西哥官员将其归咎于许多因素，包括他们在反毒战争中的战略问题、卡特尔之间的斗争、警察部队的腐败、低效的司法系统和美国的毒品需求。在本文中，我认为梅里达倡议（美国数十亿美元的援助计划）是一个重要的附加因素。梅里达倡议实施后的几年里，与毒品有关的暴力有所增加，2012 年墨西哥官员暂停新项目后，毒品相关暴力有所下降，而随着美国和墨西哥官员在随后几年实施新的梅里达项目，毒品相关暴力再次增加。同一时期内，毒品相关凶杀案与美国国防部的补充缉毒援助呈正相关。我利用美国的记录表明，美国官员一直愿意忽视日益增长的暴力事件，因为他们更专注于实现其经济和战略目标。我的结论是，他们的行为在增加与毒品有关的暴力方面发挥了重要作用，同时开启了美帝国主义在墨西哥的不祥新阶段。
With drug-related violence reaching record levels in Mexico, there has been growing debate over its causes. US and Mexican officials blame many factors, including problems with their strategy in the drug war, fighting among cartels, corruption in police forces, an ineffective legal justice system and US drug demand. In this paper, I argue that the Merida Initiative, a multi-billion dollar programme of US assistance, is an important additional factor. Drug-related violence increased in the years after the implementation of the Merida Initiative, declined when Mexican officials paused new programmes in 2012 and increased again as US and Mexican officials implemented new Merida programmes in the following years. Over the same time period, drug-related homicides and complementary counternarcotics assistance from the US Department of Defense are positively correlated. Using US records, I show that US officials have been willing to overlook the growing violence because they have been more focused on achieving their economic and strategic objectives. I conclude that their actions have played a significant role in increasing drug-related violence while starting an ominous new phase of US imperialism in Mexico.