Practical Evaluation of Illumination Watermarking Technique Using Orthogonal Transforms
Practical Evaluation of Illumination Watermarking Technique Using Orthogonal Transforms
复制标题
使用正交变换的照明水印技术的实际评估
DOI：
10.1109/jdt.2010.2049336
复制
发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Yanaka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Ishikawa;K. Uehira;K. Yanaka
我们提出了一种“照明水印”技术，该技术可以在没有版权保护的物体图像中包含不可见的数字水印。该技术使用空间调制照明，可能使用正交变换（如离散余弦变换（DCT））作为嵌入水印的方法，并且可以应用于没有电子嵌入水印的对象，例如艺术家绘制的图片。我们进行了一系列新的实验，其中使用Walsh-Hadamard变换（WHT）和DCT生成的最高频率分量的相位，将1位二进制数据嵌入到由8 × 8像素组成的一个块中。实验结果表明，在这两种情况下，嵌入的数据几乎都能以100%的准确率读出，嵌入的水印图像几乎看不到。我们还发现，数码相机中常用的JPEG压缩对图像的影响很小。
We have proposed an “Illumination Watermarking” technology with which the images of objects without copyright protection can contain invisible digital watermarking. This technology uses spatially modulated illumination possibly using an orthogonal transform, such as discrete cosine transform (DCT), as the method of embedding watermarks, and it can be applied to objects that do not have electronically embedded watermarking such as pictures painted by artists. We conducted a new series of experiments where one-bit binary data were embedded in one block that consisted of 8 × 8 pixels using the phase of the highest frequency component generated by a Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT) as well as DCT. The experimental results revealed that embedded data could be read out with almost 100% accuracy in both cases, where the embedded watermarked image could hardly be observed. We also found that the influence of JPEG compression, which is commonly used in digital cameras, was very small.