Ocean acidification impacts multiple early life history processes of the Caribbean coral Porites astreoides
Ocean acidification impacts multiple early life history processes of the Caribbean coral Porites astreoides
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02404.x
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发表时间：
2011-07-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Langdon, Chris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Albright, Rebecca;Langdon, Chris
海洋酸化（OA）是指由于海洋吸收大气二氧化碳（CO2）而导致海洋表层水的酸度增加（pH值降低）。越来越多的实验证据表明，OA 威胁着许多海洋生物，包括造礁珊瑚。珊瑚补充对于珊瑚礁的持久性和恢复力至关重要，并受到几个早期生命过程的调节，包括：幼虫可用性（配子产生、受精等）、幼虫定居、定居后生长和生存。破坏这些早期生命过程的环境因素可能会导致招募受损或失败，并深刻影响未来的种群动态。为了评估 OA 对珊瑚性招募的影响，我们测试了加勒比常见珊瑚 Porites astreoides 在三种 pCO(2) 水平下的幼虫代谢、幼虫定居和定居后生长：环境海水 (380 mu atm) 和预计在本世纪中期 (560 mu atm) 和末 (800 mu atm) 发生的两种 pCO(2) 情景。我们的结果表明，与对照相比，在 560 和 800 mu atm 下，幼虫代谢分别降低了 27% 和 63%。与对照相比，在 560 mu atm 下沉降减少了 42-45%，在 800 mu atm 下沉降减少了 55-60%。结果表明，OA 主要通过间接途径影响沉降，即酸化海水改变底物群落组成，限制沉降线索的可用性。相对于对照，在 560 和 800 亩大气压下，定居后的生长分别下降了 16% 和 35%。这项研究表明，OA 有可能对 P. astreoides 的多个早期生命史过程产生负面影响，并可能导致社区和/或生态系统规模的性招募大幅下降。
Ocean acidification (OA) refers to the increase in acidity (decrease in pH) of the ocean's surface waters resulting from oceanic uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Mounting experimental evidence suggests that OA threatens numerous marine organisms, including reef-building corals. Coral recruitment is critical to the persistence and resilience of coral reefs and is regulated by several early life processes, including: larval availability (gamete production, fertilization, etc.), larval settlement, postsettlement growth, and survival. Environmental factors that disrupt these early life processes can result in compromised or failed recruitment and profoundly affect future population dynamics. To evaluate the effects of OA on the sexual recruitment of corals, we tested larval metabolism, larval settlement, and postsettlement growth of the common Caribbean coral Porites astreoides at three pCO(2) levels: ambient seawater (380 mu atm) and two pCO(2) scenarios that are projected to occur by the middle (560 mu atm) and end (800 mu atm) of the century. Our results show that larval metabolism is depressed by 27% and 63% at 560 and 800 mu atm, respectively, compared with controls. Settlement was reduced by 42-45% at 560 mu atm and 55-60% at 800 mu atm, relative to controls. Results indicate that OA primarily affects settlement via indirect pathways, whereby acidified seawater alters the substrate community composition, limiting the availability of settlement cues. Postsettlement growth decreased by 16% and 35% at 560 and 800 mu atm, respectively, relative to controls. This study demonstrates that OA has the potential to negatively impact multiple early life history processes of P. astreoides and may contribute to substantial declines in sexual recruitment that are felt at the community and/or ecosystem scale.