CD4 T cells and their role in antitumor immune responses.
CD4 T cells and their role in antitumor immune responses.
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DOI：
10.1084/jem.189.5.753
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发表时间：
1999-03-01
影响因子：
15.3
通讯作者：
Melief, C J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Toes, R E;Ossendorp, F;Offringa, R;Melief, C J
免疫系统细胞臂的特异性和能力可能为癌症提供新的治疗方法。假设T细胞可能能够以与病毒感染细胞相同的效率识别和消除癌细胞，研究人员多年来一直在寻找触发或放大患者对肿瘤的免疫反应不足的方法。由于大多数肿瘤是MHC I类阳性，但MHC II类阴性，因此对CD 8 + CTL的作用给予了很大关注。此外，CD 8 + CTL能够在识别由肿瘤表达的肽-MHC I类复合物后直接裂解肿瘤细胞，并且已经证明了它们在体内根除大肿瘤块的能力。癌症免疫学对CD 8 + T细胞应答的关注也通过肿瘤反应性CD 8 + CTL鉴定的肿瘤抗原的增加来例证。CD 4 + Th细胞受到的关注要少得多，考虑到这些细胞在调节大多数抗原特异性免疫应答中的关键作用，这是值得注意的。到目前为止，仅鉴定了少数来源于CD 4 + Th细胞识别的人肿瘤抗原的Th表位（1，2）。本期发表的三项研究描述了在MHC II类分子的背景下，由CD 4 + T细胞识别的黑色素瘤抗原的鉴定（3-5）。绘制Th对人黑色素瘤以及其他肿瘤的反应对于开发最佳抗癌疫苗和设计其他T细胞相关的癌症治疗方式是重要的。
The specificity and power of the cellular arm of the im-mune system may provide new therapeutic approaches to cancer. With the assumption that T cells might be able to recognize and eliminate cancer cells with the same efficiency as virus-infected cells, investigators have searched many years for ways to trigger or amplify the patient’s inadequate immune response to tumors. Much attention has been given to the role of CD8+ CTLs because most tumors are MHC class I positive, but negative for MHC class II. Moreover, CD8+ CTLs are able to lyse tumor cells directly upon recognition of peptide–MHC class I complexes expressed by the tumor, and their ability to eradicate large tumor masses in vivo has been demonstrated. The focus in cancer immunology on CD8+ T cell responses is also exemplified by an increasing list of tumor antigens identified by tumor-reactive CD8+ CTLs. CD4+ Th cells have received far less attention, which is remarkable given the pivotal role of these cells in regulating most antigen-specific immune responses. Until now, only a few Th epitopes derived from human tumor antigens recognized by CD4+ Th cells have been identified (1, 2). Three studies published in this issue describe the identification of melanoma antigens that are recognized by CD4+ T cells in the context of MHC class II molecules (3–5). Charting the Th response against human melanoma as well as other tumors is important for the development of optimal anticancer vaccines and for the design of other T cell–related therapeutic modalities in cancer.