A role for glutathione S-transferases in resistance to herbicides in grasses
A role for glutathione S-transferases in resistance to herbicides in grasses
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DOI：
10.1614/p2002-168d
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发表时间：
2004-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Cobb, AH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reade, JPH;Milner, LJ;Cobb, AH
除草剂抗性是杂草生物型或种群在除草剂施用中存活的可遗传能力，该除草剂施用将有效地杀死杂草的易感种群。在英国最广泛和经济上重要的抗除草剂杂草是黑草。二十年来，人们一直在研究黑种草群体抗除草剂的分子机制。尽管靶位点抗性群体的鉴定已被证明是相对简单的（例如，使用体外靶位点测定），但该研究。并且对参与增强的代谢的抗性机制的理解已被证明是更成问题的。研究集中在细胞色素P450单加氧酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）家族，这两种酶在许多杂草和作物物种的除草剂代谢中都很重要。GST活性和丰度是更大的抗除草剂的黑种草生物型的选择，和除草剂处理的黑种草的田间种群的生存的人口比例具有最大的GST活性和丰度的结果。此外，GST活性在冬季和春季之间增加，这与重要的黑种草除草剂的效力降低相一致。GST活动领域内的黑种草种群变化很大，这种可塑性进行了讨论，在实地情况下的抗性种群的发展。本文介绍了在黑草的研究结果，并将其与其他杂草物种的GST研究以及与其他机制增强代谢为基础的阻力。
Herbicide resistance is the heritable ability of a weed biotype or population to survive a herbicide application that would effectively kill a susceptible population of the weed. In the U.K. the most widespread and financially important herbicide-resistant weed is blackgrass. Investigations to elucidate the molecular mechanisms conferring herbicide resistance to blackgrass populations have been ongoing for two decades. Although the identification of target site-resistant populations has proved to be relatively straightforward (using, for example, target site assays in vitro), the study. and understanding of resistance mechanisms involved in enhanced metabolism has proven to be more problematic. Research has focused on the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme families, both of which have been shown to be important in herbicide metabolism in many weed and crop species. GST activity and abundance are greater in a selection of herbicide-resistant blackgrass biotypes, and herbicide treatment of field populations of blackgrass results in the survival of the proportion of population possessing the greatest GST activity and abundance. In addition, GST activity in the field increases between winter and spring, and this coincides with reduced efficacy of important blackgrass herbicides. GST activities within field populations of blackgrass are highly varied, and this plasticity is discussed in relation to the development of resistant populations in field situations. This article describes research results in blackgrass and compares them with GST studies in other weed species as well as with other mechanisms for enhanced metabolism-based resistance.