Microbiological risk ranking of foodborne pathogens and food products in scarce-data settings
Microbiological risk ranking of foodborne pathogens and food products in scarce-data settings
复制标题
稀缺数据环境下食源性病原体和食品的微生物风险排名
DOI：
10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109152
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Crotta M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crotta M
在缺乏流行病学、微生物学或暴发数据的情况下，系统地识别对消费者构成较高风险的危害和食品具有挑战性。通常在低收入和中等收入国家 (LMIC)，这些国家的食源性疾病负担最高，数据往往特别稀缺。在这项研究中，我们提出了病原体和食品的定性风险排名方法，该方法可用于食品中病原体频率/浓度数据缺乏而阻碍使用经典风险评估框架的情况。该方法将有关食源性病原体、制造工艺和食品内在/外在特性的现有知识与有关供应链、食品经营者 (FBO) 特征和文化习惯的关键具体信息相结合，以确定：(i) 应被视为“高”食品安全优先事项的病原体，以及 (ii) 对消费者通过口腔（摄入）途径接触微生物危害具有较高风险的食品。当应用于安得拉邦（印度）的乳制品行业作为案例研究时，产生志贺毒素的大肠杆菌。大肠杆菌，沙门氏菌，S.金黄色葡萄球菌和L.单增李斯特菌被确定为所有 FBO 的“高”食品安全优先事项。坂崎菌被确定为生产婴儿配方奶粉/奶粉的 FBO 的“高”优先级，而志贺菌属和隐孢子虫属则被确定为“高”优先级。在考虑在不受监管的行业运营的 FBO 时，应将其列为“高”优先级。鉴于评估中考虑的乳制品的多样性，使用聚类分析来识别具有已知可驱动微生物风险的相似内在/外在特征的产品。然后将聚类分析的结果与特定背景信息相结合，进行风险排名。由于普遍不遵守卫生法规，固定运营商在非正规市场制造/零售的产品被认为对消费者构成“高”风险。对于正式-非正式范围内的中端和正式端运营的固定运营商 (FBO) 生产的乳制品，消费者接触微生物危害的风险范围从“中等”到“极低”，具体取决于固定运营商 (FBO) 和产品的内在/外在特性。虽然与数据驱动的风险评估相比，提供的风险估计精度较低，但所提出的方法最大限度地发挥了中低收入国家可以轻松收集的信息的价值，并提供信息输出，以支持在用于预防食源性疾病的资源有限和食品系统复杂的情况下进行食品安全决策。
In the absence of epidemiological, microbiological or outbreak data, systematic identification of the hazards and food products posing the higher risk to the consumers is challenging. It is usually in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), where the burden of foodborne disease is highest that data tend to be particularly scarce. In this study, we propose qualitative risk-ranking methods for pathogens and food products that can be used in settings where scarcity of data on the frequency/concentration of pathogens in foodstuff is a barrier towards the use of classical risk assessment frameworks. The approach integrates the existing knowledge on foodborne pathogens, manufacturing processes and intrinsic/extrinsic properties of food products with key context-specific information regarding the supply chain(s), characteristics of the Food Business Operators (FBOs) and cultural habits to identify: (i) the pathogens that should be considered as a “High” food safety priority and (ii) the food products posing the higher risk of consumer exposure to microbiological hazards via the oral (ingestion) route. When applied to the dairy sector of Andhra Pradesh (India) as a case study, Shiga toxin-producingE. coli,Salmonellaspp.,S. aureusandL. monocytogeneswere identified as a “High” food safety priority across all FBOs.C. sakazakiiwas identified as a “High” priority for the FBOs producing infant formula/milk powder whilstShigellaspp., andCryptosporidiumspp. a “High” priority when considering the FBOs operating in the unregulated sector. Given the diversity of dairy products considered in the assessment, cluster analysis was used to identify products that shared similar intrinsic/extrinsic features known to drive the microbiological risk. The risk ranking was then done integrating the results of the cluster analysis with context-specific information. Products manufactured/retailed by FBOs in the informal market were considered as posing a “High” risk for the consumers due to a widespread lack of compliance to sanitary regulations. For dairy products produced by FBOs operating in the middle and formal end of the formal-informal spectrum, the risk of consumers exposure to microbiological hazards ranged from “Moderate” to “Extremely low” depending on the FBO and the intrinsic/extrinsic properties of the products. While providing risk estimates of lower precision if compared to data-driven risk assessments, the proposed method maximises the value of the information that can be easily gathered in LMICs and provide informative outputs to support food safety decision-making in contexts where resources to be allocated for prevention of foodborne diseases are limited and the food system is complex.